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Mol Diagn Ther 2022 Jun 28. Epub 2022 Jun 28.

Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.

Ethical issues are a significant barrier to the use of embryonic stem cells in patients due to their origin: human embryos. To further the development of stem cells in a patient application, alternative sources of cells were sought. A process referred to as reprogramming was established to create induced pluripotent stem cells from somatic cells, resolving the ethical issues, and vectors were developed to deliver the reprogramming factors to generate induced pluripotent stem cells. Read More

Curr Eye Res 2022 Jun 28:1-34. Epub 2022 Jun 28.

Department of Ophthalmology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001 PR China.

Purpose: Clinical trials using fetal retinal pigment epithelium (fRPE), human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived RPE, or human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived RPE for cell-based therapy for degenerative retinal diseases have been carried out. We investigated the culture-induced changes in passaged fRPE, hESC-RPE and hiPSC-RPE cells and explored the differentiation and maturation effect of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on cells for manufacturing and screening high quality RPE cells for clinical transplantation.

Methods: RPE cell lines were set up and the culture-induced changes in subsequent passages caused by manipulating plating density, dissociation method and repeated passaging were studied by microscope, real-time quantitative PCR, western blot and immunofluorescent assays. Read More

Cell Reprogram 2022 Jun 28. Epub 2022 Jun 28.

Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.

Reprogramming of human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) into induced cardiomyocyte-like cells (iCMs) represents a promising strategy for human cardiac regeneration. Different cocktails of cardiac transcription factors can convert HDFs into iCMs, although with low efficiency and immature phenotype. Here, GATA4, MEF2C, TBX5, MESP1, and MYOCD (GMTMeMy for short) were used to reprogram HDFs by retrovirus infection. Read More

Nucleic Acids Res 2022 Jun 28. Epub 2022 Jun 28.

Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3738, Epigenomics, Proliferation, and the Identity of Cells Unit, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, F-75015 Paris, France.

Histone H3 Lysine 9 (H3K9) methylation, a characteristic mark of heterochromatin, is progressively implemented during development to contribute to cell fate restriction as differentiation proceeds. Accordingly, in undifferentiated and pluripotent mouse Embryonic Stem (ES) cells the global levels of H3K9 methylation are rather low and increase only upon differentiation. How global H3K9 methylation levels are coupled with the loss of pluripotency remains largely unknown. Read More

Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2022 Jun 27. Epub 2022 Jun 27.

Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.

Resistance to chemotherapy poses a major challenge for cancer treatment. Reactivation of a stem cell program resembling that seen in embryonic development can lead cancer cells to acquire a stem-cell phenotype characterized by expression of stemness genes, pluripotency, high self-renewal ability, and tumor-initiating capability. These cancer stem cells (CSCs) are usually resistant to anticancer drugs and are likely involved in treatment failure in many cancer types. Read More