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Indian J Med Microbiol 2022 Apr 25. Epub 2022 Apr 25.

Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India. Electronic address:

We report two cases of culture positive typhoid fever caused by ceftriaxone resistant Salmonella Typhi. Bacterial isolates from both the cases were positive for ESBL by phenotypic methods. Both patients didn't respond to ceftriaxone and were finally treated with meropenem. Read More

Cureus 2021 Oct 13;13(10):e18753. Epub 2021 Oct 13.

Infectious Disease, Richmond University Medical Center, Staten Island, USA.

Salmonella is a gram-negative bacterium, subdivided into typhoidal and non-typhoidal Salmonella. It is usually caused by eating raw or undercooked meat, poultry, eggs, or egg products. The clinical manifestations of Salmonella infection can be divided into five syndromes: enterocolitis (food poisoning), enteric (typhoid) fever, bacteremia/septicemia, focal infection, and a chronic carrier state, which is usually asymptomatic. Read More

Vaccine 2021 12 11;39(51):7379-7386. Epub 2021 Nov 11.

Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, UK. Electronic address:

CRM197 is a commonly used glycoconjugate carrier that improves the immunogenicity of vaccines, particularly in infants. Despite the advantages of this diphtheria toxoid mutant, low yields, production in inclusion bodies, and the requirement for specific growth conditions have limited the breadth of successful recombinant protein expression platforms available for its expression. We evaluated Pichia pastoris as a production host, using the methanol inducible AOX1 promoter and a modified α-mating factor signal peptide for secretion into the supernatant. Read More

Sci Rep 2021 11 11;11(1):22037. Epub 2021 Nov 11.

International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.

Conjugate vaccine platform is a promising strategy to overcome the poor immunogenicity of bacterial polysaccharide antigens in infants and children. A carrier protein in conjugate vaccines works not only as an immune stimulator to polysaccharide, but also as an immunogen; with the latter generally not considered as a measured outcome in real world. Here, we probed the potential of a conjugate vaccine platform to induce enhanced immunogenicity of a truncated rotavirus spike protein ΔVP8*. Read More

Sci Immunol 2021 Oct 29;6(64):eabj1181. Epub 2021 Oct 29.

Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.

Vaccine development to prevent Typhi infections has accelerated over the past decade, resulting in licensure of new vaccines, which use the Vi polysaccharide (Vi PS) of the bacterium conjugated to an unrelated carrier protein as the active component. Antibodies elicited by these vaccines are important for mediating protection against typhoid fever. However, the characteristics of protective and functional Vi antibodies are unknown. Read More