Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is a receptor tyrosine kinase, the activation of which is considered an important event in the pathogenesis of several neoplasms and a predictive factor for the targeted therapy with ALK inhibitors. Thus far, ALK rearrangements have been identified in 22 renal cell carcinomas in both pediatric and adult patients. We evaluated the incidence of ALK rearrangement-associated RCC in adult Central European population. An immunohistochemical evaluation of 1019 kidney tumors was performed with use of three different clones of anti-ALK antibodies. None of the tested samples showed positive staining, which suggests that the incidence of ALK rearrangement-associated renal cell carcinomas is significantly lower in the Polish population, and indicates a potential association between ethnicity and occurrence of these rare neoplasms.