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Parkinsonism and spastic paraplegia type 7: Expanding the spectrum of mitochondrial Parkinsonism.

Authors:
Beatriz De la Casa-Fages Gorka Fernández-Eulate Josep Gamez Raúl Barahona-Hernando Germán Morís María García-Barcina Jon Infante Miren Zulaica Uxoa Fernández-Pelayo Mikel Muñoz-Oreja Miguel Urtasun Ander Olaskoaga Victoria Zelaya Ivonne Jericó Raquel Saez-Villaverde Irene Catalina Emma Sola Elena Martínez-Sáez Aurora Pujol Montserrat Ruiz Agatha Schlüter Antonella Spinazzola Jose Luis Muñoz-Blanco Francisco Grandas Ian Holt Victoria Álvarez Adolfo López de Munaín

Mov Disord 2019 10 21;34(10):1547-1561. Epub 2019 Aug 21.

Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastian, Spain.

Background: Pathogenic variants in the spastic paraplegia type 7 gene cause a complicated hereditary spastic paraplegia phenotype associated with classical features of mitochondrial diseases, including ataxia, progressive external ophthalmoplegia, and deletions of mitochondrial DNA.

Objectives: To better characterize spastic paraplegia type 7 disease with a clinical, genetic, and functional analysis of a Spanish cohort of spastic paraplegia type 7 patients.

Methods: Genetic analysis was performed in patients suspecting hereditary spastic paraplegia and in 1 patient with parkinsonism and Pisa syndrome, through next-generation sequencing, whole-exome sequencing, targeted Sanger sequencing, and multiplex ligation-dependent probe analysis, and blood mitochondrial DNA levels determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction.

Results: Thirty-five patients were found to carry homozygous or compound heterozygous pathogenic variants in the spastic paraplegia type 7 gene. Mean age at onset was 40 years (range, 12-63); 63% of spastic paraplegia type 7 patients were male, and three-quarters of all patients had at least one allele with the c.1529C>T (p.Ala510Val) mutation. Eighty percent of the cohort showed a complicated phenotype, combining ataxia and progressive external ophthalmoplegia (65% and 26%, respectively). Parkinsonism was observed in 21% of cases. Analysis of blood mitochondrial DNA indicated that both patients and carriers of spastic paraplegia type 7 pathogenic variants had markedly lower levels of mitochondrial DNA than control subjects (228 per haploid nuclear DNA vs. 176 vs. 573, respectively; P < 0.001).

Conclusions: Parkinsonism is a frequent finding in spastic paraplegia type 7 patients. Spastic paraplegia type 7 pathogenic variants impair mitochondrial DNA homeostasis irrespective of the number of mutant alleles, type of variant, and patient or carrier status. Thus, spastic paraplegia type 7 supports mitochondrial DNA maintenance, and variants in the gene may cause parkinsonism owing to mitochondrial DNA abnormalities. Moreover, mitochondrial DNA blood analysis could be a useful biomarker to detect at risk families. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mds.27812DOI Listing
October 2019

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