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J Mol Biol 2021 Feb 1:166837. Epub 2021 Feb 1.

Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Electronic address:

Protein phase separation has emerged as a novel paradigm to explain the biogenesis of membraneless organelles and other so-called biomolecular condensates. While the implication of this physical phenomenon within cell biology is providing us with novel ways for understanding how cells compartmentalize biochemical reactions and encode function in such liquid-like assemblies, the newfound appreciation of this process also provides immense opportunities for designing and sculpting biological matter. Here, we propose that understanding the cell's instruction manual of phase separation will enable bioengineers to begin creating novel functionalized biological materials and unprecedented tools for synthetic biology. Read More

Pediatrics 2021 Feb 25;147(2). Epub 2021 Jan 25.

The Rockefeller University, New York, New York.

Advances in science are fundamentally changing the way we understand how inextricable interactions among genetic predispositions, physical and social environments, and developmental timing influence early childhood development and the foundations of health and how significant early adversity can lead to a lifetime of chronic health impairments. This article and companion article illustrate the extent to which differential outcomes are shaped by ongoing interactive adaptations to context that begin at or even before conception and continue throughout life, with increasing evidence pointing to the importance of the prenatal period and early infancy for the developing brain, the immune system, and metabolic regulation. Although new discoveries in the basic sciences are transforming tertiary medical care and producing breakthrough outcomes in treating disease, this knowledge is not being leveraged effectively to inform new approaches to promoting whole-child development and preventing illness. Read More

Infant Behav Dev 2021 Feb 16;62:101511. Epub 2021 Jan 16.

Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, United States.

Mobile and wearable sensors provide a unique opportunity to capture the daily activities and interactions that shape developmental trajectories, with potential to revolutionize the study of development (de Barbaro, 2019). However, developmental research employing sensors is still in its infancy, and parents' comfort using these devices is uncertain. This exploratory report assesses parent willingness to participate in sensor studies via a nationally representative survey (N = 210) and live recruitment of a low-income, minority population for an ongoing study (N = 359). Read More

Entropy (Basel) 2021 Jan 11;23(1). Epub 2021 Jan 11.

Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK.

The expanded compositional freedom afforded by high-entropy alloys (HEAs) represents a unique opportunity for the design of alloys for advanced nuclear applications, in particular for applications where current engineering alloys fall short. This review assesses the work done to date in the field of HEAs for nuclear applications, provides critical insight into the conclusions drawn, and highlights possibilities and challenges for future study. It is found that our understanding of the irradiation responses of HEAs remains in its infancy, and much work is needed in order for our knowledge of any single HEA system to match our understanding of conventional alloys such as austenitic steels. Read More

Indian J Pediatr 2021 Mar 6;88(Suppl 1):131-137. Epub 2021 Jan 6.

Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.

Objective: To determine the clinical and epidemiological profile of Intussusception in children aged <2 y after introduction of rotavirus vaccine in Universal Immunization Programme of Rajasthan.

Method: This was a hospital-based multi-centric surveillance study conducted at three tertiary care sentinel sites in Rajasthan over a period of 2 y. Children <2 y of age admitted with intussusception as per Brighton's criteria 1 were enrolled. Read More