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Dig Dis Sci 2021 Apr 9. Epub 2021 Apr 9.

Professor Emeritus of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, 200 First Street S.W., Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.

Transforming growth factor-beta and interleukin 10 have diverse immune inhibitory properties that have restored homeostatic defense mechanisms in experimental models of autoimmune disease. The goals of this review are to describe the actions of each cytokine, review their investigational use in animal models and patients, and indicate their prospects as interventions in autoimmune hepatitis. English abstracts were identified in PubMed by multiple search terms. Read More

ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021 Apr 9. Epub 2021 Apr 9.

Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China.

Natural killer (NK) cell-based immunotherapy presents a promising antitumor strategy and holds potential for combination with chemotherapy. However, the suppressed NK cell activity and poor tumor retention of therapeutics hinder the efficacy. To activate NK cell-based immuno-chemotherapy and enhance the tumor retention, we proposed a pH-responsive self-aggregated nanoparticle for the codelivery of chemotherapeutic doxorubicin (DOX) and the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/Smad3 signaling pathway inhibitor SIS3. Read More

Front Immunol 2021 23;12:641240. Epub 2021 Mar 23.

Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.

Metabolic Associated Fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a global health problem and represents the most common cause of chronic liver disease in the world. MAFLD spectrum goes from simple steatosis to cirrhosis, in between metabolic steatohepatitis with progressive fibrosis, which pathogenesis is not completely understood. Hence, the role of the immune system has become an important fact in the trigger of inflammatory cascades in metabolic steatohepatitis and in the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Read More

Leukemia 2021 Apr 8. Epub 2021 Apr 8.

Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 0YN, UK.

The quest for treatment-free remission (TFR) and deep molecular response (DMR) in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) has been profoundly impacted by tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Immunologic surveillance of residual leukemic cells is hypothesized to be one of the critical factors in successful TFR, with self-renewing leukemic stem cells implicated in relapse. Immunological characterization in CML may help to develop novel immunotherapies that specifically target residual leukemic cells upon TKI discontinuation to improve TFR rates. Read More

J Immunother Cancer 2021 Apr;9(4)

Medical Oncology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Andalucía, Spain.

Aim: Cetuximab is a standard-of-care treatment for wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), but it may also be effective in a subgroup of mutant patients by its immunomodulatory activity. Here, we explore if KIR (killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor) genotyping can provide a significant added value in the clinical outcome of patients with mutant mCRC based on cetuximab treatment.

Methods: We included 69 patients with histologically confirmed mCRC and mutation, positive EGFR expression, and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status ≤2. Read More