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J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2021 Apr 17;30(7):105790. Epub 2021 Apr 17.

Department of Neurology, the first people's Hospital of Changzhou, the third affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 185, Juqian Street, Tianning District, Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China. Electronic address:

Cognitive impairment is one of the main complications of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). Serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) might serve as a marker for the risk of cognitive decline in patients with CSVD. We investigated the association of IGF-1 with the development of cognitive impairment in patients with CSVD. Read More

Mol Metab 2021 Apr 17:101236. Epub 2021 Apr 17.

Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory for Diabetes Complications, Section of Vascular Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Electronic address:

Background: Insulin has been demonstrated to exert direct and indirect effects on vascular tissues. Its actions in vascular cells are mediated by two major pathways: The insulin receptor substrate 1/2-phosphoinositide-3 kinase/Akt (IRS1/2/PI3K/Akt) pathway and the Src/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, both of which contribute to the expression and distribution of metabolites, hormones and cytokines.

Scope Of Review: In this review, we summarize the current understanding on insulin's physiological and pathophysiological actions and associated signaling pathways in vascular cells, mainly in endothelial cells (EC) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), and how these processes lead to selective insulin resistance. Read More

Diabetologia 2021 Apr 20. Epub 2021 Apr 20.

Department of Internal Medicine IV, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.

The global epidemic of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and steatohepatitis (NASH) and the high prevalence among individuals with type 2 diabetes has attracted the attention of clinicians specialising in liver disorders. Many drugs are in the pipeline for the treatment of NAFLD/NASH, and several glucose-lowering drugs are now being tested specifically for the treatment of liver disease. Among these are nuclear hormone receptor agonists (e. Read More

J Endocrinol 2021 Apr 1. Epub 2021 Apr 1.

V Vieira-Potter, Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri System, Columbia, United States.

Estrogen receptor  (ERb), one of the two major estrogen receptors, acts via genomic and non-genomic signaling pathways to affect many metabolic functions, including mitochondrial biogenesis and respiration. This study assessed the effect of ERb classical genomic activity on adipocyte-specific and systemic metabolic responses to wheel running exercise in a rodent model of menopause. Female mice lacking the ERb DNA-binding domain (ERbDBDKO, N = 20) and wild-type (WT, N = 21) littermate controls were fed high-fat diet (HFD), ovariectomized (OVX), and randomized to control (no running wheel) and exercise (running wheel access) groups and were followed for eight weeks. Read More

Minerva Obstet Gynecol 2021 Apr 20. Epub 2021 Apr 20.

Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinological disease of reproductive-aged women, with an estimated incidence ranging from 5% to 15%. The clinical manifestations of PCOS are heterogeneous and vary according to the age of the patient. Insulin resistance (IR), hyperandrogenism, and obesity are widely assumed to play a pivotal role in the pathophysiological mechanism of PCOS. Read More