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Depress Anxiety 2021 Apr 20. Epub 2021 Apr 20.

U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, National Center for PTSD, White River Junction, Vermont, USA.

Introduction: Focal brain stimulation has potential as a treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In this review, we aim to inform selection of focal brain stimulation targets for treating PTSD by examining studies of the functional neuroanatomy of PTSD and treatment response. We first briefly review data on brain stimulation interventions for PTSD. Read More

Anesthesiology 2021 Apr 19. Epub 2021 Apr 19.

Background: Despite the well-known clinical effects of midazolam and ketamine, including sedation and memory impairment, the neural mechanisms of these distinct drugs in humans are incompletely understood. The authors hypothesized that both drugs would decrease recollection memory, task-related brain activity, and long-range connectivity between components of the brain systems for memory encoding, pain processing, and fear learning.

Methods: In this randomized within-subject crossover study of 26 healthy adults, the authors used behavioral measures and functional magnetic resonance imaging to study these two anesthetics, at sedative doses, in an experimental memory paradigm using periodic pain. Read More

Brain Topogr 2021 Apr 8. Epub 2021 Apr 8.

Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Clinic, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.

The clock drawing test (CDT) is widely used in clinical neuropsychological practice. However, its neuroanatomical correlates have not been well established. This study investigated the effects of theta burst stimulation (TBS) applied over different brain regions on CDT scores in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Read More

Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2021 Apr 2. Epub 2021 Apr 2.

Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

The right hemisphere is involved with the integrative processes necessary to achieve global coherence during reasoning and discourse processing. Specifically, the right temporal lobe has been proven to facilitate the processing of distant associate relationships, such as generating novel ideas. Previous studies showed a specific swing of alpha and gamma oscillatory activity over the right parieto-occipital lobe and the right anterior temporal lobe respectively, when people solve semantic problems with a specific strategy, i. Read More

Nat Commun 2021 03 31;12(1):2000. Epub 2021 Mar 31.

Instituto de Fisiología Celular─Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.

A crucial role of cortical networks is the conversion of sensory inputs into perception. In the cortical somatosensory network, neurons of the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) show invariant sensory responses, while frontal lobe neuronal activity correlates with the animal's perceptual behavior. Here, we report that in the secondary somatosensory cortex (S2), neurons with invariant sensory responses coexist with neurons whose responses correlate with perceptual behavior. Read More