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RARS2 Mutations: Is Pontocerebellar Hypoplasia Type 6 a Mitochondrial Encephalopathy?

Authors:
Tessa van Dijk Fred van Ruissen Bregje Jaeger Richard J Rodenburg Saskia Tamminga Merel van Maarle Frank Baas Nicole I Wolf Bwee Tien Poll-The

JIMD Rep 2017 29;33:87-92. Epub 2016 Sep 29.

Department of Pediatric Neurology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Mutations in the mitochondrial arginyl tRNA synthetase (RARS2) gene are associated with Pontocerebellar Hypoplasia type 6 (PCH6). Here we report two patients, compound heterozygous for RARS2 mutations, presenting with early onset epileptic encephalopathy and (progressive) atrophy of both supra- and infratentorial structures. Early pontocerebellar hypoplasia was virtually absent and respiratory chain (RC) defects could not be detected in muscle biopsies. Both patients carried a novel missense mutation c.1544A>G (p.(Asp515Gly)) in combination with either a splice site (c.297+2T>G) or a frameshift (c.452_454insC) mutation. The splice site mutation induced skipping of exon 4.These two patients expand the phenotypical spectrum associated with RARS2 mutations beyond the first report of PCH6 by Edvardson and colleagues. We propose to classify RARS2-associated phenotypes as an early onset mitochondrial encephalopathy, since this is more in agreement with both clinical presentation and underlying genetic cause.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/8904_2016_584DOI Listing
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5413457PMC
September 2016

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Med (N Y) 2021 Jan 9;2(1):49-73. Epub 2020 Jul 9.

Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.

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Department of Neurology, University of Utah, 175 North Medical Drive East, 5th Floor, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA. Electronic address:

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RNA exosome is a highly conserved ribonuclease complex essential for RNA processing and degradation. Bi-allelic variants in exosome subunits EXOSC3, EXOSC8 and EXOSC9 have been reported to cause pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 1B, type 1C and type 1D, respectively, while those in EXOSC2 cause short stature, hearing loss, retinitis pigmentosa and distinctive facies. We ascertained an 8-months-old male with developmental delay, microcephaly, subtle dysmorphism and hypotonia. Read More

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