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Secreted Phospholipases A2 Are Intestinal Stem Cell Niche Factors with Distinct Roles in Homeostasis, Inflammation, and Cancer.

Authors:
Matthias Schewe Patrick F Franken Andrea Sacchetti Mark Schmitt Rosalie Joosten René Böttcher Martin E van Royen Louise Jeammet Christine Payré Patricia M Scott Nancy R Webb Michael Gelb Robert T Cormier Gérard Lambeau Riccardo Fodde

Cell Stem Cell 2016 07 9;19(1):38-51. Epub 2016 Jun 9.

Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam 3000CA, The Netherlands. Electronic address:

The intestinal stem cell niche provides cues that actively maintain gut homeostasis. Dysregulation of these cues may compromise intestinal regeneration upon tissue insult and/or promote tumor growth. Here, we identify secreted phospholipases A2 (sPLA2s) as stem cell niche factors with context-dependent functions in the digestive tract. We show that group IIA sPLA2, a known genetic modifier of mouse intestinal tumorigenesis, is expressed by Paneth cells in the small intestine, while group X sPLA2 is expressed by Paneth/goblet-like cells in the colon. During homeostasis, group IIA/X sPLA2s inhibit Wnt signaling through intracellular activation of Yap1. However, upon inflammation they are secreted into the intestinal lumen, where they promote prostaglandin synthesis and Wnt signaling. Genetic ablation of both sPLA2s improves recovery from inflammation but increases colon cancer susceptibility due to release of their homeostatic Wnt-inhibitory role. This "trade-off" effect suggests sPLA2s have important functions as genetic modifiers of inflammation and colon cancer.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2016.05.023DOI Listing
July 2016

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