Objective: To investigate the effects of dual-task balance training on postural performance in patients with multiple sclerosis as compared with single-task balance training.Design: Double-blind, pretest-posttest, randomized controlled pilot trial.Setting: Local Multiple Sclerosis Society. Subjects: A total of 47 patients were randomly assigned to two equal groups labeled as single-task training and dual-task training groups.Interventions: All patients received supervised balance training sessions, 3 times per week for 4 weeks. The patients in the single-task group performed balance activities, alone. However, patients in dual-task group practiced balance activities while simultaneously performing cognitive tasks.Main Measures: The 10-Meter Walk Test and Timed Up-and-Go under single-task and dual-task conditions, in addition to Activities-specific Balance Confidence, Berg Balance Scale, and Functional Gait Assessment were assessed pre-, and post intervention and also 6-weeks after the end of intervention.Results: Only 38 patients completed the treatment plan. There was no difference in the amount of improvement seen between the two study groups. In both groups there was a significant effect of time for dual-10 Meter Walk Test (F=11.33, p=0.002) and dual-Timed Up-and-Go (F=14.27, p=0.001) but not for their single-tasks. Moreover, there was a significant effect of time for Activities-specific Balance Confidence, Berg Balance Scale, and Functional Gait Assessment ( P