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Exp Eye Res 2021 Apr 9:108571. Epub 2021 Apr 9.

Emory Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, 1365B Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA. Electronic address:

Glaucoma is a collection of diseases that lead to an irreversible vision loss due to damage of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Although the underlying events leading to RGC death are not fully understood, recent research efforts are beginning to define the genetic changes that play a critical role in the initiation and progression of glaucomatous injury and RGC death. Several genetic and experimental animal models have been developed to mimic glaucomatous neurodegeneration. Read More

Environ Health Perspect 2021 Apr 12;129(4):47008. Epub 2021 Apr 12.

Division for Pre-Clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA.

Background: Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), a biomarker of organophosphorous and carbamate exposure in environmental and occupational human health, has been commonly used to identify potential safety liabilities. So far, many environmental chemicals, including drug candidates, food additives, and industrial chemicals, have not been thoroughly evaluated for their inhibitory effects on AChE activity. AChE inhibitors can have therapeutic applications (e. Read More

Front Oncol 2021 25;11:636057. Epub 2021 Mar 25.

Translational Cell and Tissue Research, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.

The emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitors has dramatically changed the therapeutic landscape for patients with advanced melanoma. However, relatively low response rates and a high incidence of severe immune-related adverse events have prompted the search for predictive biomarkers. A positive predictive value has been attributed to the aberrant expression of Human Leukocyte Antigen-DR (HLA-DR) by melanoma cells, but it remains unknown why this is the case. Read More

Front Oncol 2021 25;11:631021. Epub 2021 Mar 25.

Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.

Molecular profiling of extracellular vesicles (EVs) offers novel opportunities for diagnostic applications, but the current major obstacle for clinical translation is the lack of efficient, robust, and reproducible isolation methods. To bridge that gap, we developed a microfluidic, non-contact, and low-input volume compatible acoustic trapping technology for EV isolation that enabled downstream small RNA sequencing. In the current study, we have further automated the acoustic microfluidics-based EV enrichment technique that enables us to serially process 32 clinical samples per run. Read More

Front Oncol 2021 26;11:608201. Epub 2021 Mar 26.

Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.

Breast cancer (BC) is a highly heterogeneous disease encompassing multiple subtypes with different molecular and histopathological features, disease prognosis, and therapeutic responses. Among these, the Triple Negative BC form (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype with poor prognosis and therapeutic outcome. With respect to HER2 overexpressing BC, although advanced targeted therapies have improved the survival of patients, disease relapse and metastasis remains a challenge for therapeutic efficacy. Read More