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Purpose: The present study investigated osteointegration of autogenous bone (AB) from calvaria graft associated with osteoblastic cells (OC) in bone defects in rats subjected to daily administration of caffeine.

Materials And Methods: Male rats received daily intraperitoneal injection of 1.5% caffeine (0.2 mL/100 g body weight) or saline solution for 30 days. Then they were anesthetized, submitted to the extraction of the upper right incisor, and implanted with AB only and AB + OC. The animals were killed on 7th, 21st, and 42nd days after surgery, and their maxilla were processed for obtaining semiserial sections (5 μm) stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Through image analysis system, the bone volume and the quality of graft in adjacent areas were estimated.

Results: The results showed that in caffeine treatment, the AB + OC graft showed no foreign body and acute inflammatory reactions inside the defect when compared to AB. The histometric results revealed that the association AB + OC produced significant increase (10%-15%) in bone volume in later experimental period (42 days) when compared with saline solution group (P ≤ 0.01).

Conclusions: It was concluded that the association of AB from calvaria + OC demonstrated progressive osteointegration and accelerated the repair of bone defects in animals treated with daily caffeine.