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Activation of the neutrophil respiratory burst by plasma from periodontitis patients is mediated by pro-inflammatory cytokines.

Authors:
Irundika H K Dias John B Matthews Iain L C Chapple Helen J Wright Christopher R Dunston Helen R Griffiths

J Clin Periodontol 2011 Jan 21;38(1):1-7. Epub 2010 Oct 21.

School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK.

Aim: To determine the effect of periodontitis patients' plasma on the neutrophil oxidative burst and the role of albumin, immunoglobulins (Igs) and cytokines.

Materials And Methods: Plasma was collected from chronic periodontitis patients (n=11) and periodontally healthy controls (n=11) and used with/without depletion of albumin and Ig or antibody neutralization of IL-8, GM-CSF or IFN-α to prime/stimulate peripheral blood neutrophils, isolated from healthy volunteers. The respiratory burst was measured by lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence. Plasma cytokine levels were determined by ELISA.

Results: Plasmas from patients were significantly more effective in both directly stimulating neutrophil superoxide production and priming for subsequent formyl-met-leu-phe (fMLP)-stimulated superoxide production than plasmas from healthy controls (p<0.05). This difference was maintained after depletion of albumin and Ig. Plasma from patients contained higher mean levels of IL-8, GM-CSF and IFN-α. Individual neutralizing antibodies against IL-8, GM-CSF or IFN-α inhibited the direct stimulatory effect of patients' plasma, whereas the ability to prime for fMLP-stimulated superoxide production was only inhibited by neutralization of IFN-α. The stimulating and priming effects of control plasma were unaffected by antibody neutralization.

Conclusions: This study demonstrates that plasma cytokines may have a role in inducing the hyperactive (IL-8, GM-CSF, IFN-α) and hyper-reactive (IFN-α) neutrophil phenotype seen in periodontitis patients.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.2010.01628.xDOI Listing
January 2011

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