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Brief report: using individualized orienting cues to facilitate first-word acquisition in non-responders with autism.

Authors:
Robert L Koegel Larisa Shirotova Lynn K Koegel

J Autism Dev Disord 2009 Nov 2;39(11):1587-92. Epub 2009 Jun 2.

Koegel Autism Center, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9490, USA.

Though considerable progress has been made in developing techniques for improving the acquisition of expressive verbal communication in children with autism, research has documented that 10-25% still fail to develop speech. One possible technique that could be significant in facilitating responding for this nonverbal subgroup of children is the use of orienting cues. Using a multiple baseline design, this study examined whether individualized orienting cues could be identified, and whether their presentation would result in verbal expressive words. The results suggest that using individualized orienting cues can increase correct responding to verbal models as well as subsequent word use. Theoretical and applied implications of orienting cues as they relate to individualized programming for children with autism are discussed.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-009-0765-9DOI Listing
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2759868PMC
November 2009

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Rethinking attention in time: Expectancy violations reconcile contradictory developmental evidence.

Authors:
Anna Martinez-Alvarez Monica Sanz-Torrent Ferran Pons Ruth de Diego-Balaguer

J Exp Child Psychol 2021 Feb 15;206:105070. Epub 2021 Feb 15.

Department of Cognition, Development and Educational Psychology, University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Cognition and Brain Plasticity Unit, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain.

Temporal expectations critically influence perception and action. Previous research reports contradictory results in children's ability to endogenously orient attention in time as well as the developmental course. To reconcile this seemingly conflicting evidence, we put forward the hypothesis that expectancy violations-through the use of invalid trials-are the source of the mixed evidence reported in the literature. Read More

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EXPRESS: Do Eyes and Arrows Elicit Automatic Orienting? Three Mutually Exclusive Hypothesis and a Test.

Authors:
Derek Besner David Mclean Torin P Young

Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2021 Feb 15:1747021821998572. Epub 2021 Feb 15.

University of Waterloo, Psychology, Waterloo, Canada.

Eyes in a schematic face and arrows can each cue an upcoming target such that responses to a target are faster to a valid than an invalid cue. These effects are sometimes claimed to reflect "automatic" orienting. One test of an automatic process concerns the extent to which it can be interfered with by another process. Read More

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EXPRESS: Eye Movement Patterns to Social and Non-social Cues in Early Deaf Adults.

Authors:
Claudia Bonmassar Francesco Pavani Alessio Di Renzo Cristina Caselli Wieske van Zoest

Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2021 Feb 15:1747021821998511. Epub 2021 Feb 15.

University of Birmingham, School of Psychology, Birmingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

Previous research on covert orienting to the periphery suggested that early profound deaf adults were less susceptible to uninformative gaze cues, though were equally or more affected by non-social arrow cues. The aim of the present work was to investigate whether spontaneous eye movement behaviour helps explain the reduced impact of the social cue in deaf adults. We tracked the gaze of 25 early profound deaf and 25 age-matched hearing observers performing a peripheral discrimination task with uninformative central cues (gaze vs. Read More

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Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.

This study investigated the relationship between dream lucidity, i.e., a dreamer's insight to the ongoing dream, and attention by considering lucidity as a trait. Read More

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Influence of Background Musical Emotions on Attention in Congenital Amusia.

Authors:
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Front Hum Neurosci 2020 25;14:566841. Epub 2021 Jan 25.

International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound Research, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.

Congenital amusia in its most common form is a disorder characterized by a musical pitch processing deficit. Although pitch is involved in conveying emotion in music, the implications for pitch deficits on musical emotion judgements is still under debate. Relatedly, both limited and spared musical emotion recognition was reported in amusia in conditions where emotion cues were not determined by musical mode or dissonance. Read More

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