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Infectivity of hepatitis C virus in plasma after drying and storing at room temperature.

Authors:
Saleem Kamili Kris Krawczynski Karen McCaustland Xiaofang Li Miriam J Alter

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2007 May 16;28(5):519-24. Epub 2007 Apr 16.

Division of Viral Hepatitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA.

Objective: To determine effect of environmental exposure on the survival and infectivity of hepatitis C virus (HCV).

Methods: Three aliquots of chimpanzee plasma containing HCV and proven infectious HCV inoculum were dried and stored at room temperature, 1 aliquot for 16 hours, 1 for 4 days, and 1 for 7 days. A chimpanzee (CH247) was sequentially inoculated intravenously with each of these experimental inocula, beginning with the material stored for 7 days. Each inoculation was separated by at least 18 weeks of follow-up to monitor for infection. The concentration of HCV RNA was measured and quasi species were sequenced for each experimental inoculum and in serum samples from CH247.

Results: Evidence of HCV infection developed in CH247 only after inoculation with the material stored for 16 hours. No infection occurred after inoculation with the material stored for 7 days or 4 days. Compared with the original infectious chimpanzee plasma, the concentration of HCV RNA was 1 log lower in all 3 experimental inocula. The same predominant sequences were found in similar proportions in the original chimpanzee plasma and in the experimental inocula, as well as in serum samples from CH247.

Conclusion: HCV in plasma can survive drying and environmental exposure to room temperature for at least 16 hours, which supports the results of recent epidemiologic investigations that implicated blood-contaminated inanimate surfaces, objects, and/or devices as reservoirs for patient-to-patient transmission of HCV. Healthcare professionals in all settings should review their aseptic techniques and infection control practices to ensure that they are being performed in a manner that prevents cross-contamination from such reservoirs.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/513727DOI Listing
May 2007

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