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Nat Protoc 2022 Aug 12. Epub 2022 Aug 12.

Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale vesicles secreted into the extracellular space by all cell types, including neurons and astrocytes in the brain. EVs play pivotal roles in physiological and pathophysiological processes such as waste removal, cell-to-cell communication and transport of either protective or pathogenic material into the extracellular space. Here we describe a detailed protocol for the reliable and consistent isolation of EVs from both murine and human brains, intended for anyone with basic laboratory experience and performed in a total time of 27 h. Read More

Front Microbiol 2022 26;13:935547. Epub 2022 Jul 26.

Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.

Although autophagy can eliminate some intracellular pathogens, others, e.g., , Salmonella, , can evade it. Read More

Foods 2022 Aug 6;11(15). Epub 2022 Aug 6.

Laboratory of Chemistry, Analysis and Design of Food Processes, Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Sciences, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece.

Button mushrooms (), one of the most common edible mushroom species, are sensitive to damages because of the absence of a protective skin layer and have a limited shelf life. Osmotic dehydration (OD), mainly used as a pre-processing step of conventional preservation methods, has been proposed as an efficient, mild treatment to preserve mushroom superior quality. In this study, response surface methodology, coupled with a Box-Behnken design, was used to investigate the effect of glycerol concentration (30-50%), temperature (30-50 °C), and duration of osmosis (0-180 min) in order to optimize the process prior to a subsequent freezing step. Read More

Heart 2022 Aug 9. Epub 2022 Aug 9.

The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia.

Objectives: The Salt Substitute and Stroke Study (SSaSS) recently reported blood pressure-mediated benefits of a potassium-enriched salt substitute on cardiovascular outcomes and death. This study assessed the effects of salt substitutes on a breadth of outcomes to quantify the consistency of the findings and understand the likely generalisability of the SSaSS results.

Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library up to 31 August 2021. Read More

ACS Omega 2022 Aug 28;7(31):27038-27051. Epub 2022 Jul 28.

Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.

The Spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2 expressed on the viral cell surface is of particular importance as it facilitates viral entry into the host cells. The S protein is heavily glycosylated with 22 N-glycosylation sites and a few N-glycosylation sites. During the viral surface protein synthesis via the host ribosomal machinery, glycosylation is an essential step in post-translational modifications (PTMs) and consequently vital for its life cycle, structure, immune evasion, and cell infection. Read More