Targeted disruption of the orphan nuclear receptor SF1 results in the absence of adrenals and gonads, establishing that this transcription factor is implicated in gonadal determination and adrenal development. Four human SF1 gene mutations have been described to date: three (G35E, R92Q, R255L) were responsible for adrenal insufficiency associated with a gonadal dysgenesis in two 46, XY individuals, one (8 bp deletion in exon 6) resulted in gonadal dysgenesis without adrenal insufficiency. We identified a new heterozygous SF1 gene mutation, C16X, in a 46, XY patient showing gonadal dysgenesis with normal adrenal function: low basal levels of AMH and testosterone (T), weak T response to hCG, hypoplastic testes with abundant seminiferous tubules but rare germ cells.