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BMC Psychiatry 2023 Sep 25;23(1):696. Epub 2023 Sep 25.

Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.

Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent and highly heritable neurodevelopmental disorder of major societal concern. Diagnosis can be challenging and there are large knowledge gaps regarding its etiology, though studies suggest an interplay of genetic and environmental factors involving epigenetic mechanisms. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) show promise as biomarkers of human pathology and novel therapies, and here we aimed to identify blood miRNAs associated with traits of ADHD as possible biomarker candidates and further explore their biological relevance. Read More

Brain 2023 Sep 25. Epub 2023 Sep 25.

Department of Neurology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.

The most common genetic risk factors for Parkinson's disease are GBA1 mutations, encoding the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase. Patients with GBA1 mutations (GBA-PD) exhibit earlier age of onset and faster disease progression with more severe cognitive impairments, postural instability, and gait problems. These GBA-PD features suggest more severe cholinergic system pathologies. Read More

Parkinsons Dis 2023 16;2023:4709322. Epub 2023 Sep 16.

The Stanley Medical Research Institute, 9800 Medical Center, Suite C-050, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.

Environmental toxicants are thought to play a major role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. In reviewing the literature on heavy metals known to be toxicants, we noted several recent studies on mercury suggesting a possible role in the etiology of some cases of this disease. We therefore undertook a review of this association, focusing especially on peer-reviewed articles to avoid the bias inherent in much of the literature regarding mercury. Read More

Brain Behav 2023 Sep 24:e3262. Epub 2023 Sep 24.

Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Background And Objective: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep disorder that causes intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation, leading to attention impairment and other cognitive deficits. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a powerful modality that can reveal the structural and functional brain alterations associated with attention impairment in OSA patients. The objective of this systematic review is to identify and synthesize the evidence on MRI biomarkers and neuropsychological assessments of attention deficits in OSA patients. Read More

Eur J Neurol 2023 Sep 22. Epub 2023 Sep 22.

Divisions of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine & Neurology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.

Background And Purpose: The aim was to determine whether frailty is associated with the relationship between neuropsychological markers and global cognition in older adults.

Methods: Cross-sectional analyzes were conducted of baseline data from three large cohort studies: National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC), Rush Memory and Aging Project (MAP) and Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). Studies recruited North American participants along the spectrum of cognitive functioning (44% no cognitive impairment at baseline). Read More