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Active genes are tri-methylated at K4 of histone H3.

Authors:
Helena Santos-Rosa Robert Schneider Andrew J Bannister Julia Sherriff Bradley E Bernstein N C Tolga Emre Stuart L Schreiber Jane Mellor Tony Kouzarides

Nature 2002 Sep 11;419(6905):407-11. Epub 2002 Sep 11.

Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Institute and Department of Pathology, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QR, UK.

Lysine methylation of histones in vivo occurs in three states: mono-, di- and tri-methyl. Histone H3 has been found to be di-methylated at lysine 4 (K4) in active euchromatic regions but not in silent heterochromatic sites. Here we show that the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Set1 protein can catalyse di- and tri-methylation of K4 and stimulate the activity of many genes. Using antibodies that discriminate between the di- and tri-methylated state of K4 we show that di-methylation occurs at both inactive and active euchromatic genes, whereas tri-methylation is present exclusively at active genes. It is therefore the presence of a tri-methylated K4 that defines an active state of gene expression. These findings establish the concept of methyl status as a determinant for gene activity and thus extend considerably the complexity of histone modifications.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature01080DOI Listing
September 2002

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