Publications by authors named "Sittiruk Roytrakul"

279 Publications

Mutagenesis for Protein and C-Phycocyanin Improvement and Proteomics Approaches.

Authors:
Wanida Pan-Utai Siriluck Iamtham Sittiruk Roytrakul Sarn Settachaimongkon Ladda Sangduean Wattanasiritham Sumitra Boonbumrung Juta Mookdasanit Sayamon Sithtisarn

Life (Basel) 2022 Jun 17;12(6). Epub 2022 Jun 17.

Department of Applied Microbiology, Institute of Food Research and Product Development, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.

is known for its use as a food supplement, with reported therapeutic properties including antiviral, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. is also an excellent source of proteins and C-phycocyanin. The latter is a light-harvesting pigment-protein complex in cyanobacteria, located on the outer surface of the thylakoid membrane and comprising 40 to 60% of the total soluble protein in cells. Random mutagenesis is a useful tool as a non-genetically modified mutation method that has been widely used to generate mutants of different microorganisms. Exposure of microalgae or cyanobacteria to chemical stimuli affects their growth and many biological processes. Chemicals influence several proteins, including those involved in carbohydrate and energy metabolisms, photosynthesis and stress-related proteins (oxidative stress-reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging enzymes). Signal transduction pathways and ion transportation mechanisms are also impacted by chemical treatment, with changes causing the production of numerous biomolecules and stimulation of defence responses. This study compared the protein contents of control and after mutagenesis using diethyl sulphate (DES) under various treatment concentrations for effective mutation of Results identified 1152 peptides using proteomics approaches. The proteins were classified into 23 functional categories. Random mutagenesis of by DES was found to be highly effective for C-phycocyanin and protein production.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12060911DOI Listing
June 2022

Prediction of Angiopoietin-like Protein 4-related Signaling Pathways in Cholangiocarcinoma Cells.

Authors:
Tin May Aung Atit Silsirivanit Apinya Jusakul Waraporn Chan-On Tanakorn Proungvitaya Sittiruk Roytrakul Siriporn Proungvitaya

Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2022 Jul-Aug;19(4):490-502

Centre of Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand;

Background/aim: Angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4) is a multifunctional signaling protein implicated in carbohydrate metabolism, inflammation, cancer growth and progression, anoikis resistance, angiogenesis, and metastasis. However, signaling pathways of ANGPTL4 in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) remain unknown. The aim of this study was to explore ANGPTL4-related signaling proteins and pathways associated with CCA biology.

Materials And Methods: ANGPTL4 of CCA cells was silenced by small interfering RNA (siRNA) with scramble control and ANGPTL4-related signaling proteins were investigated using mass spectrometry, bioinformatics tools and molecular docking.

Results: Among the 321 differentially expressed proteins, 151 were down-regulated. Among them, bioinformatic analyses revealed that ANGPTL4 interacts with DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (PRKDC) and 60S ribosomal protein L21 (RPL21) via AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 (AKT1), mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase (MTOR) and ribosomal protein L5 (RPL5). Online database analysis showed that mRNA and protein expression levels of ANGPTL4-related signaling proteins were significantly higher in CCA than in normal tissues. Moreover, a high mRNA expression level was associated with high tumor grade (p<0.0001) and lymph node metastasis (p<0.0001).

Conclusion: The signaling pathway of ANGPTL4 in CCA progression might be regulated by PRKDC and RPL21. Furthermore, high expression of ANGPTL4-related signaling proteins has potential to be used in clinical prognosis.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.21873/cgp.20335DOI Listing
June 2022

Comparative proteomic analysis of chromosome segment substitution lines of Thai jasmine rice KDML105 under short-term salinity stress.

Authors:
Vinh Quang Nguyen Tanee Sreewongchai Meechai Siangliw Sittiruk Roytrakul Chotika Yokthongwattana

Planta 2022 Jun 16;256(1):12. Epub 2022 Jun 16.

Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan Rd, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.

Main Conclusions: Heat shock proteins, ROS detoxifying enzymes, and ion homeostasis proteins, together with proteins in carbohydrate metabolism, cell structure, brassinosteroids, and carotenoid biosynthesis pathway were up-regulated in CSSLs under salinity stress. Rice is one of the most consumed staple foods worldwide. Salinity stress is a serious global problem affecting rice productivity. Many attempts have been made to select or produce salinity-tolerant rice varieties. Genetics and biochemical approaches were used to study the salinity-responsive pathway in rice to develop salinity tolerant strains. This study investigated the proteomic profiles of chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) developed from KDML105 (Khao Dawk Mali 105, a Thai jasmine rice cultivar) under salinity stress. The CSSLs showed a clear resistant phenotype in response to 150 mM NaCl treatment compared to the salinity-sensitive line, IR29. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry using the Ultimate 3000 Nano/Capillary LC System coupled to a Hybrid Quadrupole Q-Tof Impact II™ equipped with a nano-captive spray ion source was applied for proteomic analysis. Based on our criteria, 178 proteins were identified as differentially expressed proteins under salinity stress. Protein functions in DNA replication and transcription, and stress and defense accounted for the highest proportions in response to salinity stress, followed by protein transport and trafficking, carbohydrate metabolic process, signal transduction, and cell structure. The protein interaction network among the 75 up-regulated proteins showed connections between proteins involved in cell wall synthesis, transcription, translation, and in defense responses.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00425-022-03929-9DOI Listing
June 2022

Evaluation of TILI-2 as an Anti-Tyrosinase, Anti-Oxidative Agent and Its Role in Preventing Melanogenesis Using a Proteomics Approach.

Authors:
Anupong Joompang Preeyanan Anwised Sompong Klaynongsruang Sittiruk Roytrakul Lapatrada Taemaitree Nisachon Jangpromma

Molecules 2022 May 18;27(10). Epub 2022 May 18.

Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, 123 Mittraphap Road, Muang District, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.

There is a desire to develop new molecules that can combat hyperpigmentation. To this end, the N-terminal cysteine-containing heptapeptide TILI-2 has shown promising preliminary results. In this work, the mechanism by which it works was evaluated using a series of biochemical assays focusing on known biochemical pathways, followed by LC-MS/MS proteomics to discover pathways that have not been considered before. We demonstrate that TILI-2 is a competitive inhibitor of tyrosinase's monophenolase activity and it could potentially scavenge ABTS and DPPH radicals. It has a very low cytotoxicity up to 1400 µM against human fibroblast NFDH cells and macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cells. Our proteomics study revealed that another putative mechanism by which TILI-2 may reduce melanin production involves the disruption of the TGF-β signaling pathway in mouse B16F1 cells. This result suggests that TILI-2 has potential scope to be used as a depigmenting agent.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27103228DOI Listing
May 2022

Oroxylin A shows limited antiviral activity towards dengue virus.

Authors:
Thippayawan Ratanakomol Sittiruk Roytrakul Nitwara Wikan Duncan R Smith

BMC Res Notes 2022 May 4;15(1):154. Epub 2022 May 4.

Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, 73170, Thailand.

Objective: The mosquito transmitted dengue virus (DENV) the causative agent of dengue fever (DF) remains a significant public health burden in many countries. Thailand, along with many countries in Asia and elsewhere, has a long history of using traditional medicines to combat febrile diseases such as DF. Screening bioactive compounds from traditional medicines reported to have antipyretic or anti-inflammatory activity may lead to the development of potent antivirals. In this study oroxylin A (OA), a flavonoid derivative found in Oroxylum indicum (commonly called the Indian trumpet flower or tree of Damocles), was screened for antiviral activity towards DENV.

Results: Cytotoxicity analysis in BHK-21 cells showed a 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC) of 534.17 µM. The compound showed no direct virucidal activity towards DENV, and pre-treatment of cells had no effect on virus production. A deficit was seen in virus production when cells were post-infection treated with oroxylin A. Under conditions of post-infection treatment, the EC value was 201.1 µM, giving a selectivity index (SI) value of 2.66. Accumulation of DENV E protein inside the cell was seen under conditions of post-infection treatment, suggesting that oroxylin A may exert some effects at the virus assembly/egress stages of the replication cycle.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13104-022-06040-0DOI Listing
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9066930PMC
May 2022

Recycled Sericin Hydrolysates Modified by Alcalase Suppress Melanogenesis in Human Melanin-Producing Cells via Modulating MITF.

Authors:
Keerati Joyjamras Ponsawan Netcharoensirisuk Sittiruk Roytrakul Pithi Chanvorachote Chatchai Chaotham

Int J Mol Sci 2022 Apr 1;23(7). Epub 2022 Apr 1.

Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.

Because available depigmenting agents exhibit short efficacy and serious side effects, sericin, a waste protein from the silk industry, was hydrolyzed using Alcalase to evaluate its anti-melanogenic activity in human melanin-producing cells. Sericin hydrolysates consisted of sericin-related peptides in differing amounts and smaller sizes compared with unhydrolyzed sericin, as respectively demonstrated by peptidomic and SDS-PAGE analysis. The lower half-maximum inhibitory concentration (9.05 ± 0.66 mg/mL) compared with unhydrolyzed sericin indicated a potent effect of sericin hydrolysates on the diminution of melanin content in human melanoma MNT1 cells. Not only inhibiting enzymatic activity but also a downregulated expression level of tyrosinase was evident in MNT1 cells incubated with 20 mg/mL sericin hydrolysates. Quantitative RT-PCR revealed the decreased mRNA level of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), a tyrosinase transcription factor, which correlated with the reduction of pCREB/CREB, an upstream cascade, as assessed by Western blot analysis in MNT1 cells cultured with 20 mg/mL sericin hydrolysates for 12 h. Interestingly, treatment with sericin hydrolysates for 6-24 h also upregulated pERK, a molecule that triggers MITF degradation, in human melanin-producing cells. These results warrant the recycling of wastewater from the silk industry for further development as a safe and effective treatment of hyperpigmentation disorders.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23073925DOI Listing
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8999004PMC
April 2022

Serum Angiopoietin-Like Protein 4: A Potential Prognostic Biomarker for Prediction of Vascular Invasion and Lymph Node Metastasis in Cholangiocarcinoma Patients.

Authors:
Tin May Aung Mang Ngaih Ciin Atit Silsirivanit Apinya Jusakul Worachart Lert-Itthiporn Tanakorn Proungvitaya Sittiruk Roytrakul Siriporn Proungvitaya

Front Public Health 2022 22;10:836985. Epub 2022 Mar 22.

Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Centre of Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories (CMDL), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a tumor arising from cholangiocytes lining the bile ducts. Vascular invasion and lymph node metastasis are important prognostic factors for disease staging as well as clinical therapeutic decisions for CCA patients. In the present study, we applied CCA sera proteomic analysis to identify a potential biomarker for prognosis of CCA patients. Then, using bioinformatics tools, we identified angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4) which expressed highest signal intensity among candidate proteins in proteomic analysis of CCA sera. Expression of ANGPTL4 in CCA tissues was determined using immunohistochemistry. The results showed that ANGPTL4 was stained at higher level in CCA cells when compared with normal cholangiocytes. The high expression of ANGPTL4 was associated with lymph node metastasis and advanced tumor stage ( = 0.013 and = 0.031, respectively). Furthermore, serum ANGPTL4 levels in CCA and healthy control (HC) were analyzed using a dot blot assay. And it was found that ANGPTL4 level was significantly higher in CCA than HC group ( < 0.0001). ROC curve analysis revealed that serum ANGPTL4 level was effectively distinguished CCA from healthy patients (cutoff = 0.2697 arbitrary unit (AU), 80.0% sensitivity, 72.7% specificity, AUC = 0.825, < 0.0001). Serum ANGPTL4 level was associated with vascular invasion and lymph node metastasis ( = 0.0004 and = 0.006), so that it differentiated CCA with vascular invasion from CCA without vascular invasion (cutoff = 0.5526 AU, 64.9% sensitivity, 92.9% specificity, AUC = 0.751, = 0.006) and it corresponded to CCA with/without lymph node metastasis (cutoff = 0.5399 AU, 71.4% sensitivity, 70.8% specificity, AUC = 0.691, = 0.01) by ROC analysis. Serum ANGPTL4 levels showed superior predictive efficiency compared with CA 19-9 and CEA for vascular invasion and lymph node metastasis. In addition, serum ANGPTL4 level was an independent predictive indicator by multivariate regression analysis. In conclusion, serum ANGPTL4 could be a novel prognostic biomarker for prediction of vascular invasion and lymph node metastasis of CCA patients.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.836985DOI Listing
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8980351PMC
April 2022

Prevalence and susceptibility profiles of oral yeast species isolated from a healthy adult Thai cohort.

Authors:
Siripen Pesee Lakshman Samaranayake Sittiruk Roytrakul Chanakan Paaopanchon Prathip Phantumvanit

Arch Oral Biol 2022 Jun 24;138:105415. Epub 2022 Mar 24.

Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand.

Objective: As the emerging resistance of Candida species to common antifungals is a major global concern, we assessed the antifungal susceptibility of oral yeast isolates from a healthy, Thai adult cohort, and correlated the yeast prevalence with oral disease indices.

Methods: Oral rinse samples collected from 100 Thai adults were concentrated and cultured on CHROMagar Candida. The yeasts were then isolated, identified and finally speciated using Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. Their antifungal sensitivity against fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, and amphotericin B were investigated using standard Etest strips. The decayed, missing, filled teeth (DMFT) and the periodontal health were recorded and correlated with mycological data.

Results: The overall oral yeast prevalence was 25%. C. albicans was the commonest species isolated, followed by C. tropicalis and C. dubliniensis. Non-albicans-Candida was noted in approximately one-third, and included C. lusitaniae and C. nivariensis; Trichosporon asahii, was also detected in one subject. A majority of C. albicans isolates, (> 54%), exhibited resistance to fluconazole and voriconazole, while approximately a quarter (27%) were resistant to itraconazole. The vast majority (92%) however, were susceptible to amphotericin B. Those with oral yeasts had a significantly higher DMFT score (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: The resistance of a majority of Candida spp. to common azoles, described here for the first time in a Thai cohort, is disconcerting, and appear to confirm the creeping emergence of antifungal resistance globally. An incidental finding was the positive correlation between oral yeast carriage and DMFT score in Thai subjects.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.archoralbio.2022.105415DOI Listing
June 2022

Magnetic bioassembly platforms towards the generation of extracellular vesicles from human salivary gland functional organoids for epithelial repair.

Authors:
Ajjima Chansaenroj Christabella Adine Sawanya Charoenlappanit Sittiruk Roytrakul Ladawan Sariya Thanaphum Osathanon Sasitorn Rungarunlert Ganokon Urkasemsin Risa Chaisuparat Supansa Yodmuang Glauco R Souza João N Ferreira

Bioact Mater 2022 Dec 16;18:151-163. Epub 2022 Feb 16.

Avatar Biotechnologies for Oral Health and Healthy Longevity Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.

Salivary glands (SG) are exocrine organs with secretory units commonly injured by radiotherapy. Bio-engineered organoids and extracellular vesicles (EV) are currently under investigation as potential strategies for SG repair. Herein, three-dimensional (3D) cultures of SG functional organoids (SGo) and human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSC) were generated by magnetic 3D bioassembly (M3DB) platforms. Fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF10) was used to enrich the SGo in secretory epithelial units. After 11 culture days via M3DB, SGo displayed SG-specific acinar epithelial units with functional properties upon neurostimulation. To consistently develop 3D hDPSC , 3 culture days were sufficient to maintain hDPSC undifferentiated genotype and phenotype for EV generation. EV isolation was performed via sequential centrifugation of the conditioned media of hDPSC and SGo cultures. EV were characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis, electron microscopy and immunoblotting. EV were in the exosome range for hDPSC (diameter: 88.03 ± 15.60 nm) and for SGo (123.15 ± 63.06 nm). Upon administration, exosomes derived from SGo significantly stimulated epithelial growth (up to 60%), mitosis, epithelial progenitors and neuronal growth in injured SG; however, such biological effects were less distinctive with the ones derived from hDPSC. Next, these exosome biological effects were investigated by proteomic arrays. Mass spectrometry profiling of SGo exosomes predicted that cellular growth, development and signaling was due to known and undocumented molecular targets downstream of FGF10. Semaphorins were identified as one of the novel targets requiring further investigations. Thus, M3DB platforms can generate exosomes with potential to ameliorate SG epithelial damage.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.02.007DOI Listing
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8961305PMC
December 2022

A small molecule, CHClNOS, inhibits the function of the type III secretion system in Salmonella Typhimurium.

Authors:
Rerngwit Boonyom Sittiruk Roytrakul Patipat Thinwang

J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2022 Apr 5;20(1):54. Epub 2022 Apr 5.

Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand.

Background: Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) causes gastroenteritis and diarrhea in humans and food-producing animals. The type III secretion system (T3SS) has been known to be a potent virulence mechanism by injecting effector proteins into the cytosol of host cells. S. Typhimurium encodes two T3SSs by Salmonella pathogenicity islands 1 and 2. Previous studies showed that T3SS shared a potent virulence mechanism and molecular structure among several gram-negative bacteria. Therefore, T3SS has been identified as an attractive target in the development of novel therapeutics for the treatment of bacterial infections. Several studies reported that small-molecule compounds are able to inhibit functions of bacterial T3SSs. A small molecule, CHClNOS, has been shown the ability to inhibit the activity of Yersinia pestis T3SS ATPase, YscN, resulting to block the secretion of effector proteins. In this study, we studied the effects and mechanism for SPI-1 T3SS inhibition of this compound in S. Typhimurium.

Results: We demonstrated that this compound prohibited the secretion of effector proteins from Salmonella via SPI-1 T3SS at 100 μM. As the result, bacterial invasion ability into epithelial cell cultures was reduced. In contrast with previous study, the CHClNOS molecule did not inactivate the activity of SPI-1 T3SS ATPase, InvC, in Salmonella. However, we studied the global cellular effects of S. Typhimurium after being treated with this compound using a quantitative proteomic technique. These proteomic results showed that the main SPI-1 transcription regulator, InvF, and two effector proteins, SipA and SipC, were reduced in bacterial cells treated with the compound.

Conclusions: It may explain that action of the small-molecule compound, CHClNOS, for blocking the secretion of SPI-1 T3SS in Salmonella is through inhibition of SPI-1 regulator, InvF, expression. Further studies are necessary to identify specific mechanisms for inhibition between this small-compound and InvF SPI-1 regulator protein.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s43141-022-00336-1DOI Listing
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8982747PMC
April 2022

Phosphorylation of CAD1, PLDdelta, NDT1, RPM1 Proteins Induce Resistance in Tomatoes Infected by .

Authors:
Prachumporn Nounurai Anis Afifah Suthathip Kittisenachai Sittiruk Roytrakul

Plants (Basel) 2022 Mar 9;11(6). Epub 2022 Mar 9.

Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand.

is one of the most devastating bacteria causing bacterial wilt disease in more than 200 species of plants, especially those belonging to the family . To cope with this pathogen, plants have evolved different resistance mechanisms depending on signal transduction after perception. Phosphorylation is the central regulatory component of the signal transduction pathway. We investigated a comparative phosphoproteomics analysis of the stems of resistant and susceptible tomatoes at 15 min and 30 min after inoculation with to determine the phosphorylated proteins involved in induced resistance. Phosphoprotein profiling analyses led to the identification of 969 phosphoproteins classified into 10 functional categories. Among these, six phosphoproteins were uniquely identified in resistant plants including cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (CAD1), mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 18 (MAPKKK18), phospholipase D delta (PLDDELTA), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide transporter 1 (NDT1), B3 domain-containing transcription factor VRN1, and disease resistance protein RPM1 (RPM1). These proteins are typically involved in defense mechanisms across different plant species. qRT-PCR analyses were performed to evaluate the level of expression of these genes in resistant and susceptible tomatoes. This study provides useful data, leading to an understanding of the early defense mechanisms of tomatoes against .
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11060726DOI Listing
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8954572PMC
March 2022

Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta as a potential biomarker for infection and cholangiocarcinoma.

Authors:
Sattrachai Prasopdee Yodying Yingchutrakul Sittiruk Roytrakul Montinee Pholhelm Teva Phanaksri Anthicha Kunjantarachot Jutharat Kulsantiwong Kritiya Butthongkomvong Smarn Tesana Thanakrit Sathavornmanee Veerachai Thitapakorn

Parasitology 2022 02 5;149(2):171-180. Epub 2021 Oct 5.

Thammasat University Research Unit in Opisthorchiasis, Cholangiocarcinoma, and Neglected Parasitic Diseases, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand.

The human liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini (Ov), the primary risk factor for cholangiocarcinoma (CHCA), is a parasite endemic to southeast Asian countries. With no effective treatments for CHCA currently available, early diagnosis and treatment of Ov infection remains the only practical method for the prevention of CHCA. In this study, plasma phosphoproteomes of patients in the non-Ov infection, non-cholangiocarcinoma subject group (non-OVCCA), the asymptomatic Ov infected group (OV), and the CHCA group (CCA), were investigated to identify potential biomarkers for Ov infection and CHCA. The AKT signalling pathway was found to be up-regulated. Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform (PIK3CB), an upstream signalling molecule, was selected as a potential biomarker and evaluated using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results demonstrated evidence that levels of PIK3CB in both the OV group and CCA group was statistically different compared to the non-OVCCA group (P < 0.01). However, the levels of PIK3CB between the OV group and the CCA group were found not to be statistically different. Sensitivity and specificity for OV using OD450 cut-off at >1.570 was 76 and 72%, respectively. For CCA, sensitivity and specificity using OD450 cut-off at >1.398 was 68 and 76%, respectively. Application of indirect ELISA detecting plasma PIK3CB will be of great benefit for screening of opisthorchiasis and CHCA.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0031182021001694DOI Listing
February 2022

An Integrated Proteomics and Bioinformatics Analysis of the Anticancer Properties of RT2 Antimicrobial Peptide on Human Colon Cancer (Caco-2) Cells.

Authors:
Surachai Maijaroen Sompong Klaynongsruang Sittiruk Roytrakul Monruedee Konkchaiyaphum Lapatrada Taemaitree Nisachon Jangpromma

Molecules 2022 Feb 20;27(4). Epub 2022 Feb 20.

Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.

New selective, efficacious chemotherapy agents are in demand as traditional drugs display side effects and face growing resistance upon continued administration. To this end, bioactive molecules such as peptides are attracting interest. RT2 is a cationic peptide that was used as an antimicrobial but is being repurposed for targeting cancer. In this work, we investigate the mechanism by which this peptide targets Caco-2 human colon cancer cells, one of the most prevalent and metastatic cancers. Combining label-free proteomics with bioinformatics data, our data explore over 1000 proteins to identify 133 proteins that are downregulated and 79 proteins that are upregulated upon treatment with RT2. These changes occur in a dose-dependent manner and suggest the former group are related to anticancer cell proliferation; the latter group is closely related to apoptosis levels. The mRNA levels of several genes (FGF8, PAPSS2, CDK12, LDHA, PRKCSH, CSE1L, STARD13, TLE3, and OGDHL) were quantified using RT-qPCR and were found to be in agreement with proteomic results. Collectively, the global change in Caco-2 cell protein abundance suggests that RT2 triggers multiple mechanisms, including cell proliferation reduction, apoptosis activation, and alteration of cancerous cell metabolism.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27041426DOI Listing
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8880037PMC
February 2022

Effects of 2',4'-Dihydroxy-6'-methoxy-3',5'-dimethylchalcone from Seeds on Antiproliferative, DNA Damage, Cell Cycle Arrest, and Apoptosis in Human Cervical Cancer Cell Lines.

Authors:
Kraikrit Utama Nopawit Khamto Puttinan Meepowpan Paitoon Aobchey Jiraporn Kantapan Korawan Sringarm Sittiruk Roytrakul Padchanee Sangthong

Molecules 2022 Feb 9;27(4). Epub 2022 Feb 9.

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.

2',4'-Dihydroxy-6'-methoxy-3',5'-dimethylchalcone (DMC), a natural product derived from A. Cunn. ex DC., was investigated for its inhibitory activities against various cancer cell lines. In this work, we investigated the effects of DMC and available anticervical cancer drugs (5-fluorouracil, cisplatin, and doxorubicin) on three human cervical cancer cell lines (C-33A, HeLa, and SiHa). DMC displayed antiproliferative cervical cancer activity in C-33A, HeLa, and SiHa cells, with IC values of 15.76 ± 1.49, 10.05 ± 0.22, and 18.31 ± 3.10 µM, respectively. DMC presented higher antiproliferative cancer activity in HeLa cells; therefore, we further investigated DMC-induced apoptosis in this cell line, including DNA damage, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis assays. As a potential anticancer agent, DMC treatment increased DNA damage in cancer cells, observed through fluorescence inverted microscopy and a comet assay. The cell cycle assay showed an increased number of cells in the G/G phase following DMC treatment. Furthermore, DMC treatment-induced apoptosis cell death was approximately three- to four-fold higher compared to the untreated group. Here, DMC represented a compound-induced apoptosis for cell death in the HeLa cervical cancer cell line. Our findings suggest that DMC, a phytochemical agent, is a potential candidate for antiproliferative cervical cancer drug development.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27041154DOI Listing
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8879438PMC
February 2022

Faecal Proteomics and Functional Analysis of Equine Melanocytic Neoplasm in Grey Horses.

Authors:
Parichart Tesena Amornthep Kingkaw Narumon Phaonakrop Sittiruk Roytrakul Paviga Limudomporn Wanwipa Vongsangnak Attawit Kovitvadhi

Vet Sci 2022 Feb 21;9(2). Epub 2022 Feb 21.

Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.

Equine melanocytic neoplasm (EMN) is a common disease in older grey horses. The purpose of this study was to examine the potential proteins throughout EMN stages from faecal proteomic outlining using functional analysis. Faecal samples were collected from the rectum of 25 grey horses divided into three groups; normal group without EMN ( = 10), mild EMN ( = 6) and severe EMN ( = 9). Based on the results, 5910 annotated proteins out of 8509 total proteins were assessed from proteomic profiling. We observed differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) between the normal group and the EMN group, and 109 significant proteins were obtained, of which 28 and 81 were involved in metabolic and non-metabolic functions, respectively. We found 10 proteins that play a key role in lipid metabolism, affecting the tumour microenvironment and, consequently, melanoma progression. Interestingly, FOSL1 (FOS like 1, AP-1 transcription factor subunit) was considered as a potential highly expressed protein in a mild EMN group involved in melanocytes cell and related melanoma. Diacylglycerol kinase (DGKB), TGc domain-containing protein (Tgm2), structural maintenance of chromosomes 4 (SMC4) and mastermind-like transcriptional coactivator 2 (MAML2) were related to lipid metabolism, facilitating melanoma development in the severe-EMN group. In conclusion, these potential proteins can be used as candidate biomarkers for the monitoring of early EMN, the development of EMN, further prevention and treatment.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9020094DOI Listing
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8875177PMC
February 2022

Enhanced antibacterial effect of a novel Friunavirus phage vWU2001 in combination with colistin against carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii.

Authors:
Phitchayapak Wintachai Narumon Phaonakrop Sittiruk Roytrakul Ampapan Naknaen Rattanaruji Pomwised Supayang Piyawan Voravuthikunchai Komwit Surachat Duncan R Smith

Sci Rep 2022 02 16;12(1):2633. Epub 2022 Feb 16.

Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand.

The emergence of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) has been increasingly reported, leading to greater challenges in treating infections. With the development of phage therapy and phage-antibiotic combinations, it is promising to improve the treatment of bacterial infections. In the present study, a novel vB_AbaP_WU2001 (vWU2001) phage-specific CRAB with a genome of 40,792 bp was isolated. Genomic analysis disclosed that it belongs to the Autographiviridae family of the order Caudovirales. Phage vWU2001 had a broad host range with a high adsorption rate, short latent period, large burst size and good stability. The phage could reduce preformed biofilms and inhibit biofilm formation. The combination of phage vWU2001 and colistin had significantly higher bacterial growth inhibition activity than that of phage, or colistin alone. The efficacy of the combined treatment was also evaluated in Galleria mellonella. Evaluation of its therapeutic potential showed that the combination of phage and colistin resulted in a significantly greater increase in G. mellonella survival and in bacterial clearance, as compared with that of phage or colistin alone, indicating that the combination was synergistic against CRAB. The results demonstrated that phage vWU2001 has the potential to be developed as an antibacterial agent.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-06582-0DOI Listing
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8850435PMC
February 2022

Anticancer Effects and Molecular Action of 7-α-Hydroxyfrullanolide in G2/M-Phase Arrest and Apoptosis in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells.

Authors:
Siriphorn Chimplee Sittiruk Roytrakul Suchada Sukrong Theera Srisawat Potchanapond Graidist Kanyanatt Kanokwiroon

Molecules 2022 Jan 9;27(2). Epub 2022 Jan 9.

Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand.

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a breast cancer subtype characterized by the absence of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 expression. TNBC cells respond poorly to targeted chemotherapies currently in use and the mortality rate of TNBC remains high. Therefore, it is necessary to identify new chemotherapeutic agents for TNBC. In this study, the anti-cancer effects of 7-α-hydroxyfrullanolide (7HF), derived from , on MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells were assessed using MTT assay. The mode of action of 7HF in TNBC cells treated with 6, 12 and 24 µM of 7HF was determined by flow cytometry and propidium iodide (PI) staining for cell cycle analysis and annexin V/fluorescein isothiocyanate + PI staining for detecting apoptosis. The molecular mechanism of action of 7HF in TNBC cells was investigated by evaluating protein expression using proteomic techniques and western blotting. Subsequently, 7HF exhibited the strongest anti-TNBC activity toward MDA-MB-468 cells and a concomitantly weak toxicity toward normal breast cells. The molecular mechanism of action of low-dose 7HF in TNBC cells primarily involved G2/M-phase arrest through upregulation of the expression of Bub3, cyclin B1, phosphorylated Cdk1 (Tyr 15) and p53-independent p21. Contrastingly, the upregulation of PP2A-A subunit expression may have modulated the suppression of various cell survival proteins such as p-Akt (Ser 473), FoxO3a and β-catenin. The concurrent apoptotic effect of 7HF on the treated cells was mediated via both intrinsic and extrinsic modes through the upregulation of Bax and active cleaved caspase-7-9 expression and downregulation of Bcl-2 and full-length caspase-7-9 expression. Notably, the proteomic approach revealed the upregulation of the expression of pivotal protein clusters associated with G1/S-phase arrest, G2/M-phase transition and apoptosis. Thus, 7HF exhibits promising anti-TNBC activity and at a low dose, it modulates signal transduction associated with G2/M-phase arrest and apoptosis.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27020407DOI Listing
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8779136PMC
January 2022

Discovery of potential protein biomarkers associated with sugarcane white leaf disease susceptibility using a comparative proteomic approach.

Authors:
Kantinan Leetanasaksakul Sittiruk Roytrakul Narumon Phaonakrop Suthathip Kittisenachai Siriwan Thaisakun Nitiya Srithuanok Klanarong Sriroth Laurent Soulard

PeerJ 2022 5;10:e12740. Epub 2022 Jan 5.

Mitr Phol Innovation and Research Center, Khoksa-at, Phu Khiao, Chaiyaphum, Thailand.

Sugarcane white leaf disease (SCWLD) is caused by phytoplasma, a serious sugarcane phytoplasma pathogen, which causes significant decreases in crop yield and sugar quality. The identification of proteins involved in the defense mechanism against SCWLD phytoplasma may help towards the development of varieties resistant to SCWLD. We investigated the proteomes of four sugarcane varieties with different levels of susceptibility to SCWLD phytoplasma infection, namely K88-92 and K95-84 (high), KK3 (moderate), and UT1 (low) by quantitative label-free nano-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (nano LC-MS/MS). A total of 248 proteins were identified and compared among the four sugarcane varieties. Two potential candidate protein biomarkers for reduced susceptibility to SCWLD phytoplasma were identified as proteins detected only in UT1. The functions of these proteins are associated with protein folding, metal ion binding, and oxidoreductase. The candidate biomarkers could be useful for further study of the sugarcane defense mechanism against SCWLD phytoplasma, and in molecular and conventional breeding strategies for variety improvement.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12740DOI Listing
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8742537PMC
January 2022

Proteomic profiling reveals antitumor effects of RT2 peptide on a human colon carcinoma xenograft mouse model.

Authors:
Surachai Maijaroen Sompong Klaynongsruang Somrudee Reabroi Arthit Chairoungdua Sittiruk Roytrakul Jureerut Daduang Lapatrada Taemaitree Nisachon Jangpromma

Eur J Pharmacol 2022 Feb 13;917:174753. Epub 2022 Jan 13.

Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand; Department of Integrated Science, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand. Electronic address:

A comparative study of human colon HCT-116 xenograft in nude mice treated with and without peptide RT2 at high doses is performed along with a label-free proteomic analysis of the tissue in order to understand the potential mechanisms by which RT2 acts in vivo against colorectal tumors. RT2 displays no significant systematic toxicity, but reduces tumor growth after either intraperitoneal or intratumoral injection demonstrating it is a safe and efficacious antitumor agent in vivo. Of the 3196 proteins identified by label-free proteomics, 61 proteins appear only in response to RT2 and are involved in cellular processes largely localized in the cells and cell parts. Some of the proteins identified, including CFTR, Wnt7a, TIA1, PADI2, NRBP2, GADL1, LZIC, TLR6, and GPR37, have been reported to suppress tumor growth and are associated with cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and immune evasion. Our work supports their role as tumor biomarkers and reveals RT2 has a complex mechanism of action in vivo.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174753DOI Listing
February 2022

Protective effects of Thai silk sericins and their related mechanisms on UVA-induced phototoxicity and melanogenesis: Investigation in primary melanocyte cells using a proteomic approach.

Authors:
Nalinrat Petpiroon Apiwan Rosena Wittaya Pimtong Sawanya Charoenlappanit Thongchai Koobkokkruad Sittiruk Roytrakul Sasitorn Aueviriyavit

Int J Biol Macromol 2022 Mar 27;201:75-84. Epub 2021 Dec 27.

National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand. Electronic address:

UV radiation causes excess production of melanin as a result of hyperpigmentation and skin disorders. Silk sericin exhibited bioactivities to skin and inhibited UV-induced phototoxicity and melanogenesis in skin cells; however, the mechanism related to sericin against UV-induced melanogenesis has not been investigated. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of Thai silk sericins against UVA-induced phototoxicity and melanogenesis and their related mechanisms. Thai silk sericins exhibited cytoprotective effects against UV-induced toxicity in human primary melanocytes by attenuation of cytotoxicity, intracellular ROS generation, and mitochondrial potential impairment. Pre- and post-treatment with sericin significantly inhibited melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity against UVA exposure. In addition, sericin S2 could reduce the basal melanin content in zebrafish embryos. The proteomic analysis demonstrated that Thai silk sericins altered the protein expression in melanocytes especially proteins related to stress, inflammatory, cytokine stimulation, cell proliferation, and cell survival processes that contribute to cytoprotective effect and inhibitory effect on melanogenesis of sericin. Moreover, we demonstrated the novel mechanism of Thai silk sericins in inhibiting UVA-induced melanogenesis via increasing BMP4 expression in MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. These evidences support the potential use of Thai silk sericins in prevention of hyperpigmentation in skin disorders especially after UVA exposure.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.061DOI Listing
March 2022

Bioinformatic Prediction of Novel Signaling Pathways of Apoptosis-inducing Factor, Mitochondrion-associated 3 (AIFM3) and Their Roles in Metastasis of Cholangiocarcinoma Cells.

Authors:
Daraporn Chua-On Tanakorn Proungvitaya Anchalee Techasen Temduang Limpaiboon Sittiruk Roytrakul Doungdean Tummanatsakun Norie Araki Siriporn Proungvitaya

Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2022 Jan-Feb;19(1):35-49

Centre of Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand;

Background/aim: We previously demonstrated that a mitochondrial protein, apoptosis-inducing factor, mitochondrion-associated 3 (AIFM3) is over-expressed in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) and its serum levels can be a prognostic biomarker for CCA. To elucidate the functional roles of AIFM3 in CCA progression, we aimed to determine the signaling pathways of AIFM3 in CCA.

Materials And Methods: AIFM3 gene in CCA cells was silenced and AIFM3-related proteins were identified using mass spectrometry and bioinformatics tools. The relationships between AIFM3 and 441 related proteins were explored. To validate the functions of AIFM3, transwell migration/invasion assays were used.

Results: Bioinformatic analyses predicted that AIFM3 interacts with formin-like protein 3 (FMNL3) and is involved in tumor cell motilities. Online database analysis revealed higher AIFM3 mRNA expression levels in CCA, particularly with lymph node metastasis. After AIFM3 gene silencing, CCA cell migration/invasion was significantly decreased (p<0.001). Furthermore, AIFM3 expression levels were significantly associated with lymph node metastasis (p=0.0009) and shorter survival time (p=0.020).

Conclusion: The AIFM3 signaling pathway is mediated via FMNL3 and involved in metastasis, suggesting that AIFM3 might be a molecular target to prevent CCA metastasis.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.21873/cgp.20302DOI Listing
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8717952PMC
March 2022

Andrographolide Inhibits Lytic Reactivation of Epstein-Barr Virus by Modulating Transcription Factors in Gastric Cancer.

Authors:
Praphatson Malat Tipaya Ekalaksananan Chukkris Heawchaiyaphum Supawadee Suebsasana Sittiruk Roytrakul Yodying Yingchutrakul Chamsai Pientong

Microorganisms 2021 Dec 10;9(12). Epub 2021 Dec 10.

Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.

Andrographolide is the principal bioactive chemical constituent of and exhibits activity against several viruses, including Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). However, the particular mechanism by which andrographolide exerts an anti-EBV effect in EBV-associated gastric cancer (EBVaGC) cells remains unclear. We investigated the molecular mechanism by which andrographolide inhibits lytic reactivation of EBV in EBVaGC cells (AGS-EBV cell line) using proteomics and bioinformatics approaches. An andrographolide treatment altered EBV protein-expression patterns in AGS-EBV cells by suppressing the expression of EBV lytic protein. Interestingly cellular transcription factors (TFs), activators for EBV lytic reactivation, such as MEF2D and SP1, were significantly abolished in AGS-EBV cells treated with andrographolide and sodium butyrate (NaB) compared with NaB-treated cells. In contrast, the suppressors of EBV lytic reactivation, such as EZH2 and HDAC6, were significantly up-regulated in cells treated with both andrographolide and NaB compared with NaB treatment alone. In addition, bioinformatics predicted that HDAC6 could interact directly with MEF2D and SP1. Furthermore, andrographolide significantly induced cell cytotoxicity and apoptosis of AGS-EBV cells by induction of apoptosis-related protein expression. Our results suggest that andrographolide inhibits EBV lytic reactivation by inhibition of host TFs, partially through the interaction of HDAC6 with TFs, and induces apoptosis of EBVaGC cells.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9122561DOI Listing
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8708910PMC
December 2021

Dietary Germinated Paddy Rice and Stocking Density Affect Egg Performance, Serum Biochemical Properties, and Proteomic and Transcriptomic Response of Laying Hens Exposed to Chronic Heat Stress.

Authors:
Tossaporn Incharoen Sittiruk Roytrakul Wirot Likittrakulwong

Proteomes 2021 Dec 13;9(4). Epub 2021 Dec 13.

Animal Science Program, Faculty of Food and Agricultural Technology, Pibulsongkram Rajabhat University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand.

Germinated paddy rice (GPR) could be a good alternative feed source for poultry with stocking density and heat stress problems. A total of 72 Hy-line Brown laying hens raised under low (LSD, 0.12 m/bird) and high stocking densities (HSD, 0.06 m/bird) were investigated. Three dietary GPR levels (0, 74 and 148 g/kg) were used. It was found that average daily feed intake, hen-day egg production, and egg mass significantly decreased in the HSD group. The levels of serum glucose (GLU), phosphorous (P), corticosterone (CORT), total Ig, lysozyme (LZY), and superoxide dismutase activities (SOD) in the HSD group were higher than those in the LSD group. Dietary GPR significantly affected GLU, P, alternative complement haemolytic 50 (ACH50), total Ig, and LZY. Moreover, CORT level significantly decreased in 74 and 148 g/kg dietary GPR groups, whereas SOD significantly increased only in the 148 g/kg dietary GPR group. Serum samples were analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and 8607 proteins were identified. Proteome analysis revealed 19 proteins which were enriched in different stocking densities and dietary GPR levels. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR technique was successfully used to verify the differentiated abundant protein profile changes. The proteins identified in this study could serve as appropriate biomarkers.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proteomes9040048DOI Listing
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8708272PMC
December 2021

Serum Glycoproteomics and Identification of Potential Mechanisms Underlying Alzheimer's Disease.

Authors:
Naphatthakarn Kerdsaeng Sittiruk Roytrakul Suwannee Chanprasertyothin Piangporn Charernwat Sirintorn Chansirikarnjana Piyamitr Sritara Jintana Sirivarasai

Behav Neurol 2021 11;2021:1434076. Epub 2021 Dec 11.

Graduate Program in Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.

Objectives: This study compares glycoproteomes in Thai Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients with those of cognitively normal individuals.

Methods: Study participants included outpatients with clinically diagnosed AD ( = 136) and healthy controls without cognitive impairment ( = 183). Blood samples were collected from all participants for biochemical analysis and for Apolipoprotein E () genotyping by real-time TaqMan PCR assays. Comparative serum glycoproteomic profiling by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was then performed to identify differentially abundant proteins with functional relevance.

Results: Statistical differences in age, educational level, and ɛ3/ɛ4 and ɛ4/ɛ4 haplotype frequencies were found between the AD and control groups. The frequency of the ɛ4 allele was significantly higher in the AD group than in the control group. In total, 871 glycoproteins were identified, including 266 and 259 unique proteins in control and AD groups, respectively. There were 49 and 297 upregulated and downregulated glycoproteins, respectively, in AD samples compared with the controls. Unique AD glycoproteins were associated with numerous pathways, including Alzheimer's disease-presenilin pathway (16.6%), inflammation pathway mediated by chemokine and cytokine signaling (9.2%), Wnt signaling pathway (8.2%), and apoptosis signaling pathway (6.7%).

Conclusion: Functions and pathways associated with protein-protein interactions were identified in AD. Significant changes in these proteins can indicate the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of AD, and they have the potential to serve as AD biomarkers. Such findings could allow us to better understand AD pathology.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1434076DOI Listing
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8684523PMC
December 2021

Identification of mRNA 5' cap-associated proteins in the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum.

Authors:
Chayaphat Wongsombat Yodying Yingchutrakul Nattida Suwanakitti Kantinan Leetanasaksakul Sittiruk Roytrakul Philip James Shaw Aiyada Aroonsri

Mol Biochem Parasitol 2022 01 7;247:111443. Epub 2021 Dec 7.

National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Thailand. Electronic address:

Eukaryotic messenger RNA is translated via a 5' cap-dependent initiation mechanism. Experimental evidence for proteins involved with translation initiation among eukaryotic parasites is lacking, including Plasmodium falciparum, the human malaria parasite. Native P. falciparum proteins from asexual stage parasites were enriched using a 5' cap affinity matrix. Proteomic analysis of enriched protein eluates revealed proteins putatively associated with the 5' cap. The canonical 5' cap-binding protein eIF4E (PF3D7_0315100) was the most reproducibly enriched protein. The eIF4A and eIF4G proteins hypothesized to form the eIF4F initiation complex with eIF4E were also detected as 5' cap enriched, albeit with low reproducibility. Surprisingly, enolase (ENO) was the second most enriched protein after eIF4E. Recombinant ENO protein did not demonstrate 5' cap activity, suggesting an indirect association of the native ENO with the 5' cap.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molbiopara.2021.111443DOI Listing
January 2022

Fungicidal Activity of Recombinant Javanicin against Is Associated with Intracellular Target(s) Involved in Carbohydrate and Energy Metabolic Processes.

Authors:
Santhasiri Orrapin Sittiruk Roytrakul Narumon Phaonakrop Siriwan Thaisakun Khajornsak Tragoolpua Amornrat Intorasoot Suzanne McGill Richard Burchmore Sorasak Intorasoot

Molecules 2021 Nov 20;26(22). Epub 2021 Nov 20.

Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.

The occurrence of , the human fungal pathogen that primarily infects immunocompromised individuals, has been progressing at an alarming rate. The increased incidence of infection of with antifungal drugs resistance has become a global concern. Potential antifungal agents with extremely low toxicity are urgently needed. Herein, the biological activities of recombinant javanicin (r-javanicin) against were evaluated. A time-killing assay was performed and both concentration- and time-dependent antifungal activity of r-javanicin were indicated. The inhibitory effect of the peptide was initially observed at 4 h post-treatment and ultimately eradicated within 36 to 48 h. Fungal outer surface alteration was characterized by the scanning electron microscope (SEM) whereas a negligible change with slight shrinkage of external morphology was observed in r-javanicin treated cells. Confocal laser scanning microscopic analysis implied that the target(s) of r-javanicin is conceivably resided in the cell thereby allowing the peptide to penetrate across the membrane and accumulate throughout the fungal body. Finally, cryptococcal cells coped with r-javanicin were preliminarily investigated using label-free mass spectrometry-based proteomics. Combined with microscopic and proteomics analysis, it was clearly elucidated the peptide localized in the intracellular compartment where carbohydrate metabolism and energy production associated with glycolysis pathway and mitochondrial respiration, respectively, were principally interfered. Overall, r-javanicin would be an alternative candidate for further development of antifungal agents.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26227011DOI Listing
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8618071PMC
November 2021

Analysis of the Serum Peptidomics Profile for Cats With Sarcomeric Gene Mutation and Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.

Authors:
Pratch Sukumolanan Narumon Phanakrop Siriwan Thaisakun Sittiruk Roytrakul Soontaree Petchdee

Front Vet Sci 2021 8;8:771408. Epub 2021 Nov 8.

Department of Large Animal and Wildlife Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Nakorn Pathom, Thailand.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) has a complex phenotype that is partly explained by genetic variants related to this disease. The serum peptidome profile is a promising approach to define clinically relevant biomarkers. This study aimed to classify peptide patterns in serum samples between cats with sarcomeric gene mutations and normal cats. In the total serum samples from 31 cats, several essential proteins were identified by peptidomics analysis. The 5,946 peptides were differentially expressed in cats with sarcomeric gene mutations compared with cats without mutations. Our results demonstrated characteristic protein expression in control cats, Maine Coon cats, and Maine Coon cats with gene mutations. In cats with gene mutations, peptide expression profiling showed an association with three peptides, Cytochrome 3a132 (CYP3A132), forkhead box O1 (FOXO1), and ArfGAP, with GTPase domains, ankyrin repeats, and PH domain 2 (AGAP2). The serum peptidome of cats with mutations might provide supporting evidence for the dysregulation of metabolic and structural proteins. Genetic and peptidomics investigations may help elucidate the phenotypic variability of HCM and treatment targets to reduce morbidity and mortality of HCM in cats.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.771408DOI Listing
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8606535PMC
November 2021

Novel Vaccine Development for Fish Culture Based on the Multiepitope Concept.

Authors:
Sasimanas Unajak Ansaya Pumchan Sittiruk Roytrakul Orathai Sawatdichaikul Nontawith Areechon

Methods Mol Biol 2022 ;2411:219-240

Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand.

For the past several decades, aquaculture all around the world have been retarded by various disease outbreaks caused by many pathogens including parasites, bacteria, and viruses. Apart from being harmful to human health, the emerging diseases also dramatically affect the farm animals such as livestock and aquatic animals. To cope with this problem, one of the effective prophylactic measures is the application of vaccine. However, the traditional vaccines still have some limitations and several drawbacks; thus there is a need for the development of novel advanced vaccine such as chimeric multiepitope vaccine. Based on the current understanding of genomics and immunoproteomics together with the present bioinformatics tools, the researchers can identify the potential targeted epitopes being recognizable by the immune cells. Additionally, another critical point that should be considered for designing the chimeric multiepitope vaccine is the exposure of all those epitopes to the host organism. Thus, selecting an appropriate linker and joining each identified epitope in a suitable site can create the ideal protein structure protruding all the selected epitopes on its surface. Herein, our study would provide the fundamental platform to develop the multiepitope B-cell vaccine for the prevention and control of the aquatic animal disease starting with the epitope prediction until in vivo testing the multiepitope vaccine efficacy.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1888-2_13DOI Listing
January 2022

Assessment of in vitro activities of novel modified antimicrobial peptides against clarithromycin resistant Mycobacterium abscessus.

Authors:
Phantitra Sudadech Sittiruk Roytrakul Orawee Kaewprasert Auttawit Sirichoat Ploenchan Chetchotisakd Sakawrat Kanthawong Kiatichai Faksri

PLoS One 2021 15;16(11):e0260003. Epub 2021 Nov 15.

Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.

Mycobacterium abscessus (Mab) is one of the most drug resistant bacteria with a high treatment failure rate. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are alternative therapeutic agents against this infection. This study was aimed to assess the in vitro activities of thirteen AMPs (S5, S52, S6, S61, S62, S63, KLK, KLK1, KLK2, Pug-1, Pug-2, Pug-3 and Pug-4) that have never been investigated against drug resistant Mab isolates. Only four novel modified AMPs (S61, S62, S63 and KLK1) provided the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 200-400 μg/ml against the Mab ATCC19977 strain. These four potential AMPs were further tested with 16 clinical isolates of clarithromycin resistant Mab. The majority of the tested strains (10/16 isolates, 62.5%) showed ~99% kill by all four AMPs within 24 hours with an MIC <50 μg/ml. Only two isolates (12.5%) with acquired clarithromycin resistance, however, exhibited values <50 μg/ml of four potential AMPs, S61, S62, S63 and KLK1 after 3-days-incubation. At the MICs level, S63 showed the lowest toxicity with 1.50% hemolysis and 100% PBMC viability whereas KLK1 showed the highest hemolysis (10.21%) and lowest PBMC viability (93.52%). S61, S62 and S63 were further tested with clarithromycin-AMP interaction assays and found that 5/10 (50%) of selected isolates exhibited a synergistic interaction with 0.02-0.41 FICI values. This present study demonstrated the potential application of novel AMPs as an adjunctive treatment with clarithromycin against drug resistant Mab infection.
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http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0260003PLOS
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8592419PMC
December 2021

Structural Distinctive 26SK, a Ribosome-Inactivating Protein from Jatropha curcas and Its Biological Activities.

Authors:
Danulada Pathanraj Kiattawee Choowongkomon Sittiruk Roytrakul Chotika Yokthongwattana

Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021 Dec 20;193(12):3877-3897. Epub 2021 Oct 20.

Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan Rd., Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.

Ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) are a group of proteins exhibiting N-glycosidase activity leading to an inactivation of protein synthesis. Thirteen predicted Jatropha curcas RIP sequences could be grouped into RIP types 1 or 2. The expression of the RIP genes was detected in seed kernels, seed coats, and leaves. The full-length cDNA of two RIP genes (26SK and 34.7(A)SK) were cloned and studied. The 34.7(A)SK protein was successfully expressed in the host cells while it was difficult to produce even only a small amount of the 26SK protein. Therefore, the crude proteins were used from E. coli expressing 26SK and 34.7(A)SK constructs and they showed RIP activity. Only the cell lysate from 26SK could inhibit the growth of E. coli. In addition, the crude protein extracted from 26SK expressing cells displayed the effect on the growth of MDA-MB-231, a human breast cancer cell line. Based on in silico analysis, all 13 J. curcas RIPs contained RNA and ribosomal P2 stalk protein binding sites; however, the C-terminal region of the P2 stalk binding site was lacking in the 26SK structure. In addition, an amphipathic distribution between positive and negative potential was observed only in the 26SK protein, similar to that found in the anti-microbial peptide. These findings suggested that this 26SK protein structure might have contributed to its toxicity, suggesting potential uses against pathogenic bacteria in the future.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12010-021-03714-6DOI Listing
December 2021
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