Publications by authors named "Jian Yang"

3,478 Publications

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Biodegradable and Inherently Fluorescent pH-Responsive Nanoparticles for Cancer Drug Delivery.

Authors:
Kalindu Perera Dat X Nguyen Dingbowen Wang Aneetta E Kuriakose Jian Yang Kytai T Nguyen Jyothi U Menon

Pharm Res 2022 Jun 28. Epub 2022 Jun 28.

Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, 7 Greenhouse Road, Kingston, Rhode Island, 02881, USA.

Purpose: The development of two novel pH-only and pH- and thermo-responsive theranostic nanoparticle (NP) formulations to deliver an anticancer drug and track the accumulation and therapeutic efficacy of the formulations through inherent fluorescence.

Methods: A pH-responsive formulation was synthesized from biodegradable photoluminescent polymer (BPLP) and sodium bicarbonate (SBC) via an emulsion technique, while a thermoresponsive BPLP copolymer (TFP) and SBC were used to synthesize a dual-stimuli responsive formulation via free radical co-polymerization. Cisplatin was employed as a model drug and encapsulated during synthesis. Size, surface charge, morphology, pH-dependent fluorescence, lower critical solution temperature (LCST; TFP NPs only), cytocompatibility and in vitro uptake, drug release kinetics and anticancer efficacy were assessed.

Results: While all BPLP-SBC and TFP-SBC combinations produced spherical nanoparticles of a size between 200-300 nm, optimal polymer-SBC ratios were selected for further study. Of these, the optimal BPLP-SBC formulation was found to be cytocompatible against primary Type-1 alveolar epithelial cells (AT1) up to 100 μg/mL, and demonstrated sustained drug release over 14 days, dose-dependent uptake, and marked pH-dependent A549 cancer cell killing (72 vs. 24% cell viability, at pH 7.4 vs. 6.0). The optimal TFP-SBC formulation showed excellent cytocompatibility against AT1 cells up to 500 μg/mL, sustained release characteristics, dose-dependent uptake, pH-dependent (78% at pH 7.4 vs. 64% at pH 6.0 at 37°C) and marked temperature-dependent A549 cancer cell killing (64% at 37°C vs. 37% viability at pH 6.0, 41°C).

Conclusions: In all, both formulations hold promise as inherently fluorescent, stimuli-responsive theranostic platforms for passively targeted anti-cancer therapy.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11095-022-03317-8DOI Listing
June 2022

Integrating Multiple Omics Identifies Acting as Marker Fungus to Promote Agarwood Sesquiterpene Accumulation by Inducing Plant Host Phosphorylation.

Authors:
Juan Liu Tianxiao Li Tong Chen Jiaqi Gao Xiang Zhang Chao Jiang Jian Yang Junhui Zhou Tielin Wang Xiulian Chi Meng Cheng Luqi Huang

Microbiol Spectr 2022 Jun 28:e0272221. Epub 2022 Jun 28.

National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.

The present study aimed to explore the factors that promote persistent agarwood accumulation. To this end, we first investigated the morphological changes and volatile compound distribution in five layers of "Guan Xiang" agarwood. The agarwood-normal transition layer (TL), an essential layer of persistent agarwood accumulation, showed clear metabolic differences by microscopy and GC-MS analysis. Microbiome analysis revealed that was the predominant biomarker fungus in the TL of "Guan Xiang" agarwood samples. Among the seven isolated fungi, exhibited a significantly heightened ability to induce the production in seedlings, especially for sesquiterpene. Tracing the proteome profile changes in -induced calli for 18 ds showed that the fungus-induced sesquiterpene biosynthesis increased mainly through the mevalonate (MVA) pathway. Specifically, the phosphorylation modification level, instead of the protein abundance of transcription factors (TFs), showed corresponding changes during sesquiterpene biosynthesis, thus indicating that induced phosphorylation is the key reason for enhanced sesquiterpene production. Agarwood is an expensive resinous portion derived from plants and has been widely used as medicine, incense, and perfume. The factors involved in steady agarwood accumulation remain elusive. Our current study suggests that as a TL marker fungus, could persistently promote agarwood sesquiterpene accumulation by inducing phosphorylation of the TFs-MVA network in . Moreover, our work provides strategies to improve agarwood industry management and sheds light on the potential molecular mechanisms of plant adaptation to native microbial conditions.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.02722-21DOI Listing
June 2022

Near-Infrared Fluorescent Probes as Imaging and Theranostic Modalities for Amyloid-Beta and Tau Aggregates in Alzheimer's Disease.

Authors:
Himanshu Rai Sarika Gupta Saroj Kumar Jian Yang Sushil K Singh Chongzhao Ran Gyan Modi

J Med Chem 2022 Jun 27. Epub 2022 Jun 27.

Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, U.P.-221005, India.

A person suspected of having Alzheimer's disease (AD) is clinically diagnosed for the presence of principal biomarkers, especially misfolded amyloid-beta (Aβ) and tau proteins in the brain regions. Existing radiotracer diagnostic tools, such as PET imaging, are expensive and have limited availability for primary patient screening and pre-clinical animal studies. To change the status quo, small-molecular near-infrared (NIR) probes have been rapidly developed, which may serve as an inexpensive, handy imaging tool to comprehend the dynamics of pathogenic progression in AD and assess therapeutic efficacy . This Perspective summarizes the biochemistry of Aβ and tau proteins and then focuses on structurally diverse NIR probes with coverages of their spectroscopic properties, binding affinity toward Aβ and tau species, and theranostic effectiveness. With the summarized information and perspective discussions, we hope that this paper may serve as a guiding tool for designing novel imaging fluoroprobes with theranostic capabilities in the future.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01619DOI Listing
June 2022

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry combined with chemometrics to identify the origin of Chinese medicinal materials.

Authors:
Huan Fang Yue Chen Hai-Long Wu Yao Chen Tong Wang Jian Yang Hai-Yan Fu Xiao-Long Yang Xu-Fu Li Ru-Qin Yu

RSC Adv 2022 Jun 7;12(26):16886-16892. Epub 2022 Jun 7.

State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha 410082 PR China

Geographical origin and authenticity are two core factors to promote the development of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) herbs perception in terms of quality and price. Therefore, they are important to both sellers and consumers. Herein, we propose an efficient, accurate method for discrimination of genuine and non-authentic producing areas of TCM by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Take Koidz (AMK) of compositae as an example, the MALDI-TOF MS spectra data of 120 AMK samples aided by principal component analysis-linear discriminant analysis (PCA-LDA), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and random forest (RF) successfully differentiated Zhejiang province, Anhui province and Hunan province AMK according to their geographical location of origin. The correct classification rates of test set were above 93.3%. Furthermore, 5 recollected AMK samples were used to verify the performance of the classification models. The outcome of this study can be a good resource in building a database for AMK. The combined utility of MALDI-TOF MS and chemometrics is expected to be expanded and applied to the origin traceability of other TCMs.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2ra02040hDOI Listing
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9171747PMC
June 2022

Digital image colorimetry in combination with chemometrics for the detection of carbaryl based on the peroxidase-like activity of nanoporphyrins and the etching process of gold nanoparticles.

Authors:
Gaoqiong Deng Shuo Wang Hengye Chen Lixue Ren Ke Liang Liuna Wei Wanjun Long Jian Yang Lanping Guo Xiaole Han Yuanbin She Haiyan Fu

Food Chem 2022 Jun 15;394:133495. Epub 2022 Jun 15.

The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central MinZu University, Wuhan 430074, PR China. Electronic address:

Carbaryl is a typical carbamate pesticide that plays an essential role in agricultural production, but its residues cause serious harm to the environment and human health. Here, we developed a polychromatic colorimetric sensor based on ZnTPyP-DTAB peroxidase activity and gold nano-bipyramids (Au NBPs) etching to detect carbaryl. ZnTPyP-DTAB catalyzes the decomposition of HO to hydroxyl radicals, and Au NBPs are etched. The coordination of zinc and nitrogen in nanometer porphyrins was affected by the steric effects of carbaryl, which resulted in decreased activity of ZnTPyP-DTAB peroxidase. The detection limit of carbaryl was 0.26 mg/kg. The recoveries of carbaryl in reaal sample ranged from 91 % to 107% (RSD ≤ 0.7%). The sensor platform displayed a series of high-resolution multicolor variations of rainbow colors within the above concentration range. The rich color variation facilitates the acquisition of digital images. RGB value transformation combined with partial least squares regression model can accurately and quantitatively detect carbaryl in vegetables, fruits and Chinese medicinal materials.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133495DOI Listing
June 2022

Molecular characterization of a novel virga-like virus associated with wheat.

Authors:
Hua Li Jun Guo Zhuangxin Ye ZhongHua Zhao Jianping Chen Jian Yang

Arch Virol 2022 Jun 25. Epub 2022 Jun 25.

State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agroproducts, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.

In this work, we report the detection of a novel single-strand RNA virus from wheat, tentatively named "Triticum aestivum-associated virga-like virus 1" (TaAVLV1). Further characterization revealed that the complete genome of TaAVLV1 is divided into two segments, RNA1 and RNA2, which are 3530 and 3466 nt in length, excluding their respective polyA tails, and each contains only one open reading frame (ORF). The ORF of RNA1 encodes an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), while the ORF of RNA2 encodes a putative protein with methyltransferase and helicase domains. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the RdRp of TaAVLV1 is closely related to those of members of the unclassified virga-like virus group in the family Virgaviridae. Thus, we have identified TaAVLV1 as a putative novel virga-like virus belonging to the family Virgaviridae.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00705-022-05473-zDOI Listing
June 2022

Synergistic Stimulation of Metal-Organic Frameworks for Stable Super-cooled Liquid and Quenched Glass.

Authors:
Zheng Yin Yingbo Zhao Shuang Wan Jian Yang Zhaolin Shi Si-Xu Peng Ming-Zhu Chen Tian-Yi Xie Teng-Wu Zeng Osamu Yamamuro Masami Nirei Hiroshi Akiba Yue-Biao Zhang Hai-Bin Yu Ming-Hua Zeng

J Am Chem Soc 2022 Jun 24. Epub 2022 Jun 24.

State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China.

Metal-organic framework (MOF) glasses are a fascinating new class of materials, yet their prosperity has been impeded by the scarcity of known examples and limited vitrification methods. In the work described in this report, we applied synergistic stimuli of vapor hydration and thermal dehydration to introduce structural disorders in interpenetrated -net MOF, which facilitate the formation of stable super-cooled liquid and quenched glass. The material after stimulus has a glass transition temperature () of 560 K, far below the decomposition temperature of 695 K. When heated, the perturbed MOF enters a super-cooled liquid phase that is stable for a long period of time (>10 s), across a broad temperature range (26 K), and has a large fragility index of 83. Quenching the super-cooled liquid gives rise to porous MOF glass with maintained framework connectivity, confirmed by EXAFS and PDF analysis. This method provides a fundamentally new route to obtain glassy materials from MOFs that cannot be melted without causing decomposition.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jacs.2c04532DOI Listing
June 2022

Curcumin Scaffold as a Multifunctional Tool for Alzheimer's Disease Research.

Authors:
Haijun Yang Fantian Zeng Yunchun Luo Chao Zheng Chongzhao Ran Jian Yang

Molecules 2022 Jun 17;27(12). Epub 2022 Jun 17.

Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders, which is caused by multi-factors and characterized by two histopathological hallmarks: amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles of Tau proteins. Thus, researchers have been devoting tremendous efforts to developing and designing new molecules for the early diagnosis of AD and curative purposes. Curcumin and its scaffold have fluorescent and photochemical properties. Mounting evidence showed that curcumin scaffold had neuroprotective effects on AD such as anti-amyloidogenic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and metal chelating. In this review, we summarized different curcumin derivatives and analyzed the in vitro and in vivo results in order to exhibit the applications in AD diagnosis, therapeutic monitoring and therapy. The analysis results showed that, although curcumin and its analogues have some disadvantages such as short wavelength and low bioavailability, these shortcomings can be conquered by modifying the structures. Curcumin scaffold still has the potential to be a multifunctional tool for AD research, including AD diagnosis and therapy.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27123879DOI Listing
June 2022

Robust Adaptive Beamforming Algorithm for Sparse Subarray Antenna Array Based on Hierarchical Weighting.

Authors:
Jian Yang Xinxin Liu Yuwei Tu Weixing Li

Micromachines (Basel) 2022 May 30;13(6). Epub 2022 May 30.

Science and Technology on Automatic Target Recognition Laboratory, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China.

Sparse antenna arrays based on subarrays have more and more broad application prospects for the limitation of array space, real-time algorithm and hardware costs. Aiming at the beamforming technology of sparse antenna arrays based on subarrays, this paper proposes a robust adaptive beamforming algorithm based on hierarchical weighting. The algorithm performs conventional beamforming to calculate the weights of each element in the subarray, then the synthetic signals output by each subarray are used as sparse array metadata. The Interference-plus-Noise Covariance Matrix (INCM) is reconstructed by integration in two-dimensional space, and a convex optimization model of a multi-constraint array containing the signal pointing error was established to estimate the real guide vector. Finally, using the reconstructed INCM and the estimation of the guide vector, we obtain a weighted vector between the subarrays and output signal for the whole array. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has better Signal-to-Interference-and-Noise Ratio (SINR) and robustness compared with other algorithms for sparse subarray antenna array beamforming.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13060859DOI Listing
May 2022

Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Roles of Sucrose in Anthocyanin Accumulation in 'Kuerle Xiangli' ( Yü).

Authors:
Xiangzhan Zhang Bo Li Ruiwei Duan Chunhong Han Lei Wang Jian Yang Long Wang Suke Wang Yanli Su Huabai Xue

Genes (Basel) 2022 Jun 14;13(6). Epub 2022 Jun 14.

Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China.

Pear ( L.) is one of the most important temperate fruit crops worldwide, with considerable economic value and significant health benefits. Red-skinned pears have an attractive appearance and relatively high anthocyanin accumulation, and are especially favored by customers. Abnormal weather conditions usually reduce the coloration of red pears. The application of exogenous sucrose obviously promotes anthocyanins accumulation in 'Kuerle Xiangli' ( Yü); however, the underlying molecular mechanism of sucrose-mediated fruit coloration remains largely unknown. In this study, comprehensive transcriptome analysis was performed to identify the essential regulators and pathways associated with anthocyanin accumulation. The differentially expressed genes enriched in Gene Ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes items were analyzed. The transcript levels of some anthocyanin biosynthetic regulatory genes and structural genes were significantly induced by sucrose treatment. Sucrose application also stimulated the expression of some sugar transporter genes. Further RT-qPCR analysis confirmed the induction of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes. Taken together, the results revealed that sucrose promotes pear coloration most likely by regulating sugar metabolism and anthocyanin biosynthesis, and this study provides a comprehensive understanding of the complex molecular mechanisms underlying the coloration of red-skinned pear.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13061064DOI Listing
June 2022

An IoT-Based Breeding Egg Identification and Coding System for Selection of High-Quality Breeding Geese.

Authors:
Yanjun Zhang Yujie Ge Tian Yang Yangyang Guo Jian Yang Jiawen Han Daoqing Gong Hong Miao

Animals (Basel) 2022 Jun 14;12(12). Epub 2022 Jun 14.

College of Mechanical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China.

The selection of breeding geese requires the recording of egg production information to correspond to the identity of the breeding geese. However, due to the special physiological characteristics of breeding geese, manual recording in practice can affect the egg-laying performance of breeding geese and can also lead to problems of missing and confusing individual breeding goose data with the number of eggs laid by the geese. For contactless recording of breeding goose identity and egg production information for high-quality breeding, this paper proposes an Internet of things (IoT)-based breeding egg identification and coding method for the selection of high-quality breeding geese. At the sensing level, we deployed a radiofrequency identification (RFID)-based sensor. Each breeding goose wore a foot ring RFID tag on its leg, and the individual information was read by foot ring RFID readers placed at the bottom of the devices. Individual information was uploaded to the cloud server for database management through structured query language (MySQL). The target detection modules were mounted on top of the devices, and the breeding geese and eggs were detected in the delivery rooms by an improved single-shot multi-box detector (SSD) target detection algorithm. The egg body limit transmission device and contactless coding device were activated only in the case of breeding eggs, and the breeding goose information was printed on the egg bodies in the form of quick response codes (QR codes), which enabled the breeding egg information to correspond with the breeding goose information. An evaluative experiment was performed using a system for the selection of high-quality breeding geese, with web cameras and a cloud monitoring platform. The breeding geese were allowed 14 days to become accustomed to the experimental environment before monitoring began. The evaluative experiment results showed that the pass rate of egg body coding reached 98.25%, the improved SSD algorithm was 8.65% more accurate and 62.6 ms faster than traditional SSD, and the accuracy rate corresponding to the individual information of the breeding geese and the surface information of the goose eggs was 97.8%. The experimental results met the requirements of accurate marking of individual information of breeding geese, which can provide technical support for the selection of high-quality breeding geese.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12121545DOI Listing
June 2022

Generalized Nonconvex Nonsmooth Low-Rank Matrix Recovery Framework With Feasible Algorithm Designs and Convergence Analysis.

Authors:
Hengmin Zhang Feng Qian Peng Shi Wenli Du Yang Tang Jianjun Qian Chen Gong Jian Yang

IEEE Trans Neural Netw Learn Syst 2022 Jun 23;PP. Epub 2022 Jun 23.

Decomposing data matrix into low-rank plus additive matrices is a commonly used strategy in pattern recognition and machine learning. This article mainly studies the alternating direction method of multiplier (ADMM) with two dual variables, which is used to optimize the generalized nonconvex nonsmooth low-rank matrix recovery problems. Furthermore, the minimization framework with a feasible optimization procedure is designed along with the theoretical analysis, where the variable sequences generated by the proposed ADMM can be proved to be bounded. Most importantly, it can be concluded from the Bolzano-Weierstrass theorem that there must exist a subsequence converging to a critical point, which satisfies the Karush-Kuhn-Tucher (KKT) conditions. Meanwhile, we further ensure the local and global convergence properties of the generated sequence relying on constructing the potential objective function Particularly, the detailed convergence analysis would be regarded as one of the core contributions besides the algorithm designs and the model generality. Finally, the numerical simulations and the real-world applications are both provided to verify the consistence of the theoretical results, and we also validate the superiority in performance over several mostly related solvers to the tasks of image inpainting and subspace clustering.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TNNLS.2022.3183970DOI Listing
June 2022

Phosphorylation of the multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus polyhedron envelope protein plays an important role in the formation of the occlusion body envelope.

Authors:
Jia Wang Jian Yang Chengfeng Lei Xiulian Sun Jia Hu

J Gen Virol 2022 Jun;103(6)

Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, PR China.

During the life cycle of a baculovirus, a crystallized protein matrix, formed by polyhedrin (POLH), is produced. The protein matrix is surrounded by a multilayered protein/carbohydrate envelope, and matrix and envelope together form a mature occlusion body (OB). The polyhedron envelope plays an important role in resistance against adverse external environments. The polyhedron envelope protein (PEP) is the main protein that forms the polyhedron envelope, but the mechanism of formation of the polyhedron envelope is unclear. Here, through immunofluorescence localization observations, we found that PEP interacted with both POLH and P10 during formation of the polyhedron envelope in the late stages of infection, and PEP was also required for P10 incorporation on the surface of OBs. In this process, the phosphorylation of PEP played an important role. PEP was determined to be a phosphorylated protein using the Phos-tag technique, and PK1 was determined to be the phosphokinase of PEP by co-immunoprecipitation and phosphorylation. Immunofluorescence localization revealed that PEP was continuously phosphorylated by PK1 after PEP entered the nucleus until PEP was correctly packaged on the OB surface. Multi-point mutations of PEP conservative potential phosphorylation sites showed that the simultaneous mutation of S85, T86 and Y92 caused changes in the location of PEP and P10 in the late stages of infection, and resulted in an OB surface that lacked the polyhedron envelope. These data suggested that the phosphorylation of PEP at particular sites, i.e. S85, T86 and Y92, plays an important role in the formation of the polyhedron envelope.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jgv.0.001759DOI Listing
June 2022

Surface-Fabrication of Fluorescent Hydroxyapatite for Cancer Cell Imaging and Bio-Printing Applications.

Authors:
Weimin Wan Ziqi Li Xi Wang Fei Tian Jian Yang

Biosensors (Basel) 2022 Jun 15;12(6). Epub 2022 Jun 15.

State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.

Hydroxyapatite (HAP) materials are widely applied as biomedical materials due to their stable performance, low cost, good biocompatibility and biodegradability. Here, a green, fast and efficient strategy was designed to construct a fluorescent nanosystem for cell imaging and drug delivery based on polyethyleneimine (PEI) and functionalized HAP via simple physical adsorption. First, HAP nanorods were functionalized with riboflavin sodium phosphate (HE) to provide them with fluorescence properties based on ligand-exchange process. Next, PEI was attached on the surface of HE-functionalized HAP ([email protected]) via electrostatic attraction. The fluorescent [email protected] nanosystem could be rapidly taken up by NIH-3T3 fibroblast cells and successfully applied to for cell imaging. Additionally, doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) containing [email protected] with high loading capacity was prepared, and in-vitro release results show that the maximum release of DOX at pH 5.4 (31.83%) was significantly higher than that at pH 7.2 (9.90%), which can be used as a drug delivery tool for cancer therapy. Finally, [email protected] as the 3D inkjet printing ink were printed with GelMA hydrogel, showing a great biocompatible property for 3D cell culture of RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Altogether, because of the enhanced affinity with the cell membrane of [email protected], this green, fast and efficient strategy may provide a prospective candidate for bio-imaging, drug delivery and bio-printing.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12060419DOI Listing
June 2022

Cone-beam computed tomography three-dimensional reconstruction aids treatment of three root canals with severe curvature in maxillary first premolar: a case report.

Authors:
Wenqing Huang Jian Yang Yu Li

J Int Med Res 2022 Jun;50(6):3000605221105361

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University; The Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Jiangxi Province; Jiangxi Province Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.

The maxillary first premolar commonly has one or two root canals; the presence of three canals is rare. These root canals are easily missed during treatment, resulting in failure of root canal therapy. The present report describes a case in which three root canals in the maxillary first premolar were diagnosed by cone-beam computed tomography. The herein-described patient was successfully treated using three-dimensional reconstruction technology to determine the form and direction of curvature of the root canals.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03000605221105361DOI Listing
June 2022

Editorial: Flexible Biosensors and Intelligent Medical Devices in Health and Disease.

Authors:
Jian Yang

Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022 2;10:849617. Epub 2022 Jun 2.

Faculty of Intelligent Manufacturing, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2022.849617DOI Listing
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9201944PMC
June 2022

A unique case of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the liver manifesting with biloma: A case report.

Authors:
Kun Huang Pingwu Zhao Jiangying Zhao Pan Zhao Jian Yang

Oncol Lett 2022 Jul 26;24(1):227. Epub 2022 May 26.

Department of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, P.R. China.

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-negative hepatic inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMTs) harboring the ETS variant transcription factor 6-neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 3 () fusion gene and manifesting with biloma are extremely rare, and their biological behavior is unclear. The present study reports the case of a 45-year-old female with ALK-negative IMT of the liver harboring the fusion gene and manifesting with biloma. Computed tomography of the abdomen confirmed the lesions to be a low-density mass, measuring 11.2×8.5×10.5 cm, located in the left lobe of the liver, and a lower-density mass, measuring 8.5×6.1×5.9 cm, located in the interior of the tumor. As the suspicion of a malignancy remained high, surgical resection of the left hepatic lobe, including the tumor, was undertaken. Intraoperatively, a tumor (12×10×9 cm), with an unclear boundary, incomplete capsule and fish-like texture, was found in the left lateral lobe of the liver, and a biloma, measuring 8×6 cm, was identified inside the tumor. Pathological examination revealed spindle cell proliferation with infiltration of chronic inflammatory cells and mucinous degeneration. Immunohistochemical studies showed negativity for ALK, CD117, CD34, discovered on GIST-1, desmin, smooth muscle actin, S-100, CD21, pan-cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen, CD23 and CD35, but positivity for vimentin staining, and 5% Ki-67-positive cells. Fluorescence hybridization studies assessing characteristic genetic rearrangements using and break-apart assays, revealed the presence of the fusion oncogene and negativity for and . The patient was discharged 7 days post-operatively, without any adjuvant treatment. No recurrence of symptoms was noted at the 3-year follow-up. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of biloma in an ALK-negative IMT of the liver, which may increase our understanding of hepatic IMT.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/ol.2022.13348DOI Listing
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9185161PMC
July 2022

The Aging Features of Thyrotoxicosis Mice: Malnutrition, Immunosenescence and Lipotoxicity.

Authors:
Qin Feng Wenkai Xia Guoxin Dai Jingang Lv Jian Yang Deshan Liu Guimin Zhang

Front Immunol 2022 2;13:864929. Epub 2022 Jun 2.

Center for Pharmacological Research, State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China.

The problem of aging is mainly the increase of age-related diseases, and elderly patients have longer hospitalization and worse prognosis. Poorer nutritional status and immunosenescence may be predisposing and severe factors. The mechanism of the high incidence of diseases and poor prognosis behind aging is complex. Finding suitable aging models is of great significance to find strategies to prevent aging related events. In this study, the relationship between thyrotoxicosis and aging was investigated in mice. The results of routine blood tests and flow cytometry showed that immunosenescence occurred in thyrotoxicosis mice, which was characterized by a significant decrease in neutrophils, lymphocytes, CD4+/CD8+ and CD4+IFN-γ+ lymphocytes. Biochemical examination results showed that there were hypocholesterolemia, hypolipoproteinemia, and hyperlipidemia in thyrotoxicosis mice. Serum proteomics analysis showed that the downregulation of complement and coagulation proteins was another manifestation of declined immunity. Moreover, proteomics analysis showed that many downregulated proteins were related to homeostasis, mainly transport proteins. Their downregulation led to the disturbance of osmotic pressure, ion homeostasis, vitamin utilization, lipid transport, hyaluronic acid processing, and pH maintenance. Serum metabolomics analysis provided more detailed evidence of homeostasis disturbance, especially lipid metabolism disorder, including the downregulation of cholesterol, vitamin D, bile acids, docosanoids, and the upregulation of glucocorticoids, triglycerides, sphingolipids, and free fatty acids. The upregulated lipid metabolites were related to lipotoxicity, which might be one cause of immunosenescence and many aging related syndromes. This study provides evidence for the aging model of thyrotoxicosis mice, which can be used for exploring anti-aging drugs and strategies.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.864929DOI Listing
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9201349PMC
June 2022

[Research progress on common pesticide residues in Chinese medicinal materials].

Authors:
Li-Xue Ren Gao-Qiong Deng Wan-Jun Long Heng-Ye Chen Lan-Ping Guo Jian Yang Hai-Yan Fu

Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2022 Jun;47(11):2899-2908

School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities Wuhan 430074, China.

Chinese medicinal materials are the precious resources of China and favored by patients at home and abroad because of their natural sources and curative effects. Pesticides are often used to prevent and control diseases and insect pests and regulate the growth of Chinese medicinal plants, so as to improve the yield and quality of Chinese medicinal materials. Most of the pesticides can play a role in pest control through systemic action, stomach toxicity, contact, fumigation and other ways, especially the systemic pesticides can kill hidden pests by entering the Chinese medicinal plants. Despite the good pest control effect, it is difficult to remove the systemic pesticides by simple cleaning, which poses a great risk to the safety of Chinese medicinal materials. At the same time, excessive or non-standard use of pesticides leads to serious pesticide residues in Chinese medicinal materials, which affects not only the quality and efficacy of the materials and harm human health but also the international development of Chinese medicinal materials industry. Pesticide residues have become a bottleneck affecting the industry development and hindering the export of Chinese medicinal materials. Therefore, it is of great significance to study how to quickly, sensitively, and accurately detect and remove pesticide residues in Chinese medicinal materials. We reviewed the common pesticide residues in Chinese medicinal materials in recent years in terms of characteristics, harm, and detection and removal techniques, and discussed the future development of the detection and removal deve-lopment. With this review, we aimed to provide a reference for the quality control of Chinese medicinal materials and promote the healthy development of Chinese medicine industry.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20211209.102DOI Listing
June 2022

Development of Biodegradable Osteopromotive Citrate-Based Bone Putty.

Authors:
Xinyu Tan Ethan Gerhard Yuqi Wang Richard T Tran Hui Xu Su Yan Elias B Rizk April D Armstrong Yuxiao Zhou Jing Du Xiaochun Bai Jian Yang

Small 2022 Jun 19:e2203003. Epub 2022 Jun 19.

Department of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.

The burden of bone fractures demands development of effective biomaterial solutions, while additional acute events such as noncompressible bleeding further motivate the search for multi-functional implants to avoid complications including osseous hemorrhage, infection, and nonunion. Bone wax has been widely used in orthopedic bleeding control due to its simplicity of use and conformation to irregular defects; however, its nondegradability results in impaired bone healing, risk of infection, and significant inflammatory responses. Herein, a class of intrinsically fluorescent, osteopromotive citrate-based polymer/hydroxyapatite (HA) composites (BPLP-Ser/HA) as a highly malleable press-fit putty is designed. BPLP-Ser/HA putty displays mechanics replicating early nonmineralized bone (initial moduli from ≈2-500 kPa), hydration induced mechanical strengthening in physiological conditions, tunable degradation rates (over 2 months), low swelling ratios (<10%), clotting and hemostatic sealing potential (resistant to blood pressure for >24 h) and significant adhesion to bone (≈350-550 kPa). Simultaneously, citrate's bioactive properties result in antimicrobial (≈100% and 55% inhibition of S. aureus and E. coli) and osteopromotive effects. Finally, BPLP-Ser/HA putty demonstrates in vivo regeneration in a critical-sized rat calvaria model equivalent to gold standard autograft. BPLP-Ser/HA putty represents a simple, off-the-shelf solution to the combined challenges of acute wound management and subsequent bone regeneration.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smll.202203003DOI Listing
June 2022

Mitral Valve-in-Valve Implant of a Balloon-Expandable Valve Guided by 3-Dimensional Printing.

Authors:
Yu Mao Yang Liu Yanyan Ma Ping Jin Lanlan Li Jian Yang

Front Cardiovasc Med 2022 30;9:894160. Epub 2022 May 30.

Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.

Background: Our goal was to explore the role of 3-dimensional (3D) printing in facilitating the outcome of a mitral valve-in-valve (V-in-V) implant of a balloon-expandable valve.

Methods: From November 2020 to April 2021, 6 patients with degenerated mitral valves were treated by a transcatheter mitral V-in-V implant of a balloon-expandable valve. 3D printed mitral valve pre- and post-procedure models were prepared to facilitate the process by making individualized plans and evaluating the outcomes.

Results: Each of the 6 patients was successfully implanted with a balloon-expandable valve. From post-procedural images and the 3D printed models, we could clearly observe the valve at the ideal position, with the proper shape and no regurgitation. 3D printed mitral valve models contributed to precise decisions, the avoidance of complications, and the valuation of outcomes.

Conclusions: 3D printing plays an important role in guiding the transcatheter mitral V-in-V implant of a balloon-expandable valve.

Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Protocol Registration System (NCT02917980).
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2022.894160DOI Listing
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9195497PMC
May 2022

Correction: An integrated surgical training program for hepatic cystic echinococcosis in Xinjiang of China.

Authors:
Hongwei Zhang Jian Yang Jiang Li Jing Yang Yunbao Yu Guisheng Liu Yongguo Zhang Long Zhang Wei Guo Abuduwayiti Hong Sun Shuxia Guo Xueling Chen Xiangwei Wu Shijie Zhang Xinyu Peng

PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022 Jun 15;16(6):e0010551. Epub 2022 Jun 15.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008023.].
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010551DOI Listing
June 2022

A novel LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous analysis of selected fat-soluble vitamins in serum obtained from pediatric patients with pneumonia.

Authors:
Min Zhang XiaoLan Huang MeiYan Song Lala Mi Yan Yin Fang Wang Min Chen Ting Zhang Jian Yang XiaoDai Cui

Anal Methods 2022 Jun 15. Epub 2022 Jun 15.

Clinical Central Laboratory, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China.

Several observational studies have reported associations between low levels of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D and E) and the incidence of pneumonia. Whether infection affects or negatively regulates serum vitamin levels remains controversial. Our aims were to develop and validate a simple-pretreatment and fast method to determine the serum levels of selected fat-soluble vitamins, namely vitamin A (retinol), vitamin D (25-OH-D, 25-OH-D, and 3-epi-25-OH-D), and vitamin E (α-tocopherol), in children suffering from pneumonia during the acute phase and after inflammatory marker recovery. The sample preparation procedure involving protein precipitation and filtration was finished in one step, and separation took 8 min per sample. The calibrations were linear, with > 0.99. Both the intra-run ( = 6) and inter-run ( = 3) precision (relative standard deviation, RSD%) values were below 14.61%. The spiked recoveries at 3 concentrations ranged from 80.97 to 111.91%. Accuracies were calibrated using both National Institute of Standards and Technology serum (NIST 968f) and external quality assurance (EQA) samples offered by the National Center of Clinical Laboratories of China, and the relative error (RE%) values ranged from -13.17% to 12.53%. Clinical sample analysis revealed that infection did alter the serum retinol concentration and it did not alter the 25-OH-D and α-tocopherol levels in young children with pneumonia.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2ay00491gDOI Listing
June 2022

Cultured Bacteria Provide Insight into the Functional Potential of the Coral-Associated Microbiome.

Authors:
Jie Li Yiyang Zou Jian Yang Qiqi Li David G Bourne Michael Sweet Cong Liu Anjie Guo Si Zhang

mSystems 2022 Jun 13:e0032722. Epub 2022 Jun 13.

CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.

Improving the availability of representative isolates from the coral microbiome is essential for investigating symbiotic mechanisms and applying beneficial microorganisms to improve coral health. However, few studies have explored the diversity of bacteria which can be isolated from a single species. Here, we isolated a total of 395 bacterial strains affiliated with 49 families across nine classes from the coral Pocillopora damicornis. Identification results showed that most of the strains represent potential novel bacterial species or genera. We also sequenced and assembled the genomes of 118 of these isolates, and then the putative functions of these isolates were identified based on genetic signatures derived from the genomes and this information was combined with isolate-specific phenotypic data. Genomic information derived from the isolates identified putative functions including nitrification and denitrification, dimethylsulfoniopropionate transformation, and supply of fixed carbon, amino acids, and B vitamins which may support their eukaryotic partners. Furthermore, the isolates contained genes associated with chemotaxis, biofilm formation, quorum sensing, membrane transport, signal transduction, and eukaryote-like repeat-containing and cell-cell attachment proteins, all of which potentially help the bacterium establish association with the coral host. Our work expands on the existing culture collection of coral-associated bacteria and provides important information on the metabolic potential of these isolates which can be used to refine understanding of the role of bacteria in coral health and are now available to be applied to novel strategies aimed at improving coral resilience through microbiome manipulation. Microbes underpin the health of corals which are the building blocks of diverse and productive reef ecosystems. Studying the culturable fraction of coral-associated bacteria has received less attention in recent times than using culture-independent molecular methods. However, the genomic and phenotypic characterization of isolated strains allows assessment of their functional role in underpinning coral health and identification of beneficial microbes for microbiome manipulation. Here, we isolated 395 bacterial strains from tissues of with many representing potentially novel taxa and therefore providing a significant contribution to coral microbiology through greatly enlarging the existing cultured coral-associated bacterial bank. Through analysis of the genomes obtained in this study for the coral-associated bacteria and coral host, we elucidate putative metabolic linkages and symbiotic establishment. The results of this study will help to elucidate the role of specific isolates in coral health and provide beneficial microbes for efforts aimed at improving coral health.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/msystems.00327-22DOI Listing
June 2022

G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 4 causes renal angiotensin II type 2 receptor dysfunction by increasing its phosphorylation.

Authors:
Fuwei Zhang Lifu Lei Juan Huang Weiwei Wang Qian Su Hongjia Yan Caiyu Chen Shuo Zheng Hongmei Ren Zhuxin Li Pedro A Jose Yijie Hu Liangyi Si Chunyu Zeng Jian Yang

Clin Sci (Lond) 2022 Jun;136(12):989-1003

Research Center for Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.

Activation of the angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) induces diuresis and natriuresis. Increased expression or/and activity of G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 4 (GRK4) or genetic variants (e.g., GRK4γ142V) cause sodium retention and hypertension. Whether GRK4 plays a role in the regulation of AT2R in the kidney remains unknown. In the present study, we found that spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) had increased AT2R phosphorylation and impaired AT2R-mediated diuretic and natriuretic effects, as compared with normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. The regulation by GRK4 of renal AT2R phosphorylation and function was studied in human (h) GRK4γ transgenic mice. hGRK4γ142V transgenic mice had increased renal AT2R phosphorylation and impaired AT2R-mediated natriuresis, relative to hGRK4γ wild-type (WT) littermates. These were confirmed in vitro; AT2R phosphorylation was increased and AT2R-mediated inhibition of Na+-K+-ATPase activity was decreased in hGRK4γ142V, relative to hGRK4γ WT-transfected renal proximal tubule (RPT) cells. There was a direct physical interaction between renal GRK4 and AT2R that was increased in SHRs, relative to WKY rats. Ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction of renal GRK4 decreased the renal AT2R phosphorylation and restored the impaired AT2R-mediated diuresis and natriuresis in SHRs. In vitro studies showed that GRK4 siRNA reduced AT2R phosphorylation and reversed the impaired AT2R-mediated inhibition of Na+-K+-ATPase activity in SHR RPT cells. Our present study shows that GRK4, at least in part, impairs renal AT2R-mediated diuresis and natriuresis by increasing its phosphorylation; inhibition of GRK4 expression and/or activity may be a potential strategy to improve the renal function of AT2R.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/CS20220236DOI Listing
June 2022

Developing a new nomogram to predict early allograft dysfunction after liver transplantation: a nudge in the right direction.

Authors:
Gang Xu Chen-Hao Jiang Tao Lv Jiu-Lin Song Yong-Jie Zhou Jian Yang Li Jiang Lyu-Nan Yan Kui Luo Jia-Yin Yang

Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr 2022 Jun;11(3):462-466

Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplant Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/hbsn-2022-13DOI Listing
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9186210PMC
June 2022

The anxiolytic effect of koumine on a predatory sound stress-induced anxiety model and its associated molecular mechanisms.

Authors:
Bojun Xiong Zhifeng Zhong Chaojie Chen Huihui Huang Jinxiang Lin Ying Xu Jian Yang Changxi Yu

Phytomedicine 2022 Aug 3;103:154225. Epub 2022 Jun 3.

Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China. Electronic address:

Background: Koumine is the most abundant alkaloid extracted from Gelsemium elegans Benth.. Preliminary studies by our research group have shown that koumine has significant anxiolytic effect, but this needs to be further confirmed.

Hypothesis/purpose: To investigate the potential anxiolytic effect of koumine on predatory sound (PS) stress-induced anxiety models and preliminarily explore its therapeutic targets and molecular mechanisms.

Study Design And Methods: The anxiolytic effect of koumine in an animal model of acute PS stress-induced anxiety were determined. Then, neurosteroids levels in the main brain regions involved in anxiety disorders, as well as plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone (CORT) levels, were determinated. Finally, to clarify the effect of koumine on translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO), the affinity between koumine and TSPO was evaluated by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology.

Results: Koumine treatment mitigated anxiety-like behavior following acute PS stress in the open field test and elevated plus maze test. PS exposure significantly decreased progesterone and allopregnanolone levels in the PFC, Hip, and Amy and increased ACTH and CORT levels in plasma, and koumine administration significantly reversed these effects. Finally, the reliable SPR results showed that the K of koumine with TSPO was 155.33 ± 11.0 μM, indicating that koumine is a human TSPO high-affinity ligand that has an affinity comparable to typical TSPO ligands.

Conclusion: Our results show that koumine has obvious anxiolytic effect in the PS-induced anxiety model. Targeting TSPO-neurosteroids-HPA axis may be an important mechanism by which koumine exerts its anxiolytic effect.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154225DOI Listing
August 2022

Determination of polypeptide antibiotics in animal tissues using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry based on in-line molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction.

Authors:
Xuqin Song Esther Turiel Jian Yang Antonio Martín-Esteban Limin He

J Chromatogr A 2022 Jun 1;1673:463192. Epub 2022 Jun 1.

National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (SCAU), College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China. Electronic address:

Effective purification and enrichment of polypeptide antibiotics in animal tissues is always a challenge, due to the co-extraction of other endogenous peptides which usually interfere their final determination. In this study, a molecularly imprinted column was prepared by packing polymyxin E-imprinted particles into a 100 mm × 4.6 mm i.d. HPLC column. The as-prepared imprinted columns were able to tolerate 100% aqueous phase and exhibited good stability and high column efficiency. Polypeptides antibiotics with similar molecular size or spatial structure to polymyxin E were well retained by the imprinted column, suggesting class selectivity. After optimization of mobile phase conditions of imprinted column, polypeptide antibiotics in animal tissue extracts were enriched and cleaned up by in-line molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction, allowing the screening of target analytes in complex samples at low concentration levels by UV detection. Eluate fraction from the imprinted column was collected, and further dried and re-dissolved with methanol-0.5% formic acid aqueous solution (80:20, v/v) for final LC-MS/MS analysis. Analysis was accomplished using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) in positive electrospray ionization mode and analytes quantified using the matrix-matched external calibration curves. The results showed high correlation coefficients for target analytes in the linear range of 2 ∼ 200 μg kg. At four different concentration levels (limit of quantification, 50, 100 and 200 μg kg), recoveries of four polypeptide antibiotics in swine, cattle and chicken muscles ranged from 66.7 to 94.5% with relative standard deviations lower than 16.0%. The limits of detection (LOD) were 2.0 ∼ 4.0 μg/kg, depending upon the analyte and sample. Compared with a conventional pretreatment method, the imprinted column was able to remove more impurities and to significantly reduce matrix effects, allowing the accurate analysis of polypeptide antibiotics.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463192DOI Listing
June 2022

Differential mRNA Expression Profiling Reveals the Role of MiR-375 in Inflammation of Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells.

Authors:
Yuhang Li Qichao Hu Zhuoma Luoreng Jian Yang Xingping Wang Yun Ma Dawei Wei

Animals (Basel) 2022 Jun 1;12(11). Epub 2022 Jun 1.

School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs that regulate post-transcriptional gene expression and several biological processes. Bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMECs) mediate critical immune responses in the mammary gland and the occurrence of mastitis. Current research focuses on miRNA regulation of bMECs, but the miR-375 regulatory mechanism in bMECs is unclear. This study explored the role of miR-375 by profiling the transcriptome of miR-375-silenced bMECs using RNA-seq and identifying differentially expressed mRNAs (DIE-mRNAs). There were 63 DIE-mRNAs, including 48 down-regulated and 15 up-regulated mRNAs between miR-375-silenced bMECs and the controls. The Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) functional analysis showed that the DIE-mRNAs enriched nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1 () and protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 5 () anti-inflammatory genes of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. However, they showed an opposite trend to the expression of miR-375 silencing, suggesting that miR-375 promotes bMEC inflammation through the MAPK signaling pathway. The findings of this study provide a new reference for understanding the regulation of bMEC inflammation and cow mastitis.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12111431DOI Listing
June 2022

Comparison of Different Drying Methods on the Volatile Components of Ginger ( Roscoe) by HS-GC-MS Coupled with Fast GC E-Nose.

Authors:
Dai-Xin Yu Sheng Guo Jie-Mei Wang Hui Yan Zhen-Yu Zhang Jian Yang Jin-Ao Duan

Foods 2022 May 30;11(11). Epub 2022 May 30.

National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.

Ginger ( Roscoe) is one of the most popular spices in the world, with its unique odor. Due to its health benefits, ginger is also widely used as a dietary supplement and herbal medicine. In this study, the main flavor components of gingers processed by different drying methods including hot air drying, vacuum drying, sun-drying, and vacuum-freeze drying, were identified on the basis of headspace-gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS) and fast gas chromatography electronic-nose (fast GC e-nose) techniques. The results showed that the ginger dried by hot air drying exhibited high contents of volatile compounds and retained the richest odor in comparison with those dried by other methods, which indicated that hot air drying is more suitable for the production of dried ginger. Sensory description by fast GC e-nose exhibited that ginger flavor was mainly concentrated in the spicy, sweet, minty, fruity, and herbaceous odor. The relative content of the zingiberene was significantly higher in the hot air drying sample than those by other methods, suggesting that dried ginger by hot air drying can retain more unique spicy and pungent odorants. Furthermore, the results of chemometrics analyses showed that the main variance components among the samples by different drying methods were -naginatene, (+)-cyclosativene, and sulcatone in HS-GC-MS analysis, and -terpinen-7-al, dimethyl sulfide, and citronellal in fast GC e-nose analysis. For comparison of fresh and dried gingers, terpinolene, terpinen-4-ol, 2,4-decadienal, (E, Z)-, and linalool were considered the main variance components. This study generated a better understanding of the flavor characteristics of gingers by different drying methods and could provide a guide for drying and processing of ginger.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11111611DOI Listing
May 2022
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