Publications by authors named "Fan Jiang"

743 Publications

Comments on Intraoperative Molecular Imaging for Localizing Nonpalpable Tumors.

Authors:
Dong Lin Liang Wu Jiang Fan

JAMA Surg 2022 Jan 19. Epub 2022 Jan 19.

Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamasurg.2021.6906DOI Listing
January 2022

Mental health & maltreatment risk of children with special educational needs during COVID-19.

Authors:
Winnie W Y Tso Ko Ling Chan Tatia M C Lee Nirmala Rao S L Lee Fan Jiang Sophelia H S Chan Wilfred H S Wong Rosa S Wong Keith T S Tung Jason C Yam Anthony P Y Liu Gilbert T Chua Jaime S Rosa Duque Almen L N Lam K M Yip L K Leung Yuliang Wang Jin Sun Guanghai Wang Godfrey C F Chan Ian C K Wong Patrick Ip

Child Abuse Negl 2022 Jan 10:105457. Epub 2022 Jan 10.

Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong. Electronic address:

Background: Children with special educational needs (SEN) are more vulnerable during the COVID-19 pandemic with risk of poor mental wellbeing and child maltreatment.

Objective: To examine the impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of children with SEN and their maltreatment risk.

Participants And Setting: 417 children with SEN studying at special schools and 25,427 children with typical development (TD) studying at mainstream schools completed an online survey in April 2020 in Hong Kong during school closures due to COVID-19.

Method: Emotional/behavioural difficulties, quality of life and parental stress of children with SEN were compared with typically developed children using mixed effect model. Linear regression analyses were performed to explore factors associated with child emotional/behavioural difficulties and parental stress during the pandemic. Chi-square test was performed to detect the differences in maltreatment risk before and during COVID-19.

Results: Children with SEN had significantly poorer overall quality of life (68.05 vs 80.65, p < 0.01). 23.5% of children had at least one episode of severe physical assault and 1.9% experienced very severe physical assault during COVID-19. Rates of physical assault increased significantly (59.8% vs. 71.2% p < 0.001) while children with mental disorders had increased risk of severe physical assault comparing to those without mental disorders (RR = 1.58, ꭓ = 5.19 p = 0.023).

Conclusion: Children with SEN had poorer mental health than typically developed children during the COVID-19 pandemic. Maltreatment risk for children with SEN is higher in comparison to pre-COVID-19 era. Surveillance of child maltreatment, continuity of medical and rehabilitation care to support children with SEN are essential during a disease pandemic.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105457DOI Listing
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8743505PMC
January 2022

Chromosome-level genome assembly of Bactrocera dorsalis reveals its adaptation and invasion mechanisms.

Authors:
Fan Jiang Liang Liang Jing Wang Shuifang Zhu

Commun Biol 2022 Jan 11;5(1):25. Epub 2022 Jan 11.

Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176, China.

Bactrocera dorsalis is an invasive polyphagous pest causing considerable ecological and economic damage worldwide. We report a high-quality chromosome-level genome assembly and combine various transcriptome data to explore the molecular mechanisms of its rapid adaptation to new environments. The expansions of the DDE transposase superfamily and key gene families related to environmental adaptation and enrichment of the expanded and unique gene families in metabolism and defence response pathways explain its environmental adaptability. The relatively high but not significantly different expression of heat-shock proteins, regardless of the environmental conditions, suggests an intrinsic mechanism underlying its adaptation to high temperatures. The mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway plays a key role in adaptation to new environments. The prevalence of duplicated genes in its genome explains the diversity in the B. dorsalis complex. These findings provide insights into the genetic basis of the invasiveness and diversity of B. dorsalis, explaining its rapid adaptation and expansion.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s42003-021-02966-6DOI Listing
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8752857PMC
January 2022

Amino acid starvation-induced LDLR trafficking accelerates lipoprotein endocytosis and LDL clearance.

Authors:
Ye Chen Xiao Wu Jing Zhang Guopin Pan Xiaoyun Wang Xiaosun Guo Jianli Wang Xiaopei Cui Haiqing Gao Mei Cheng Jingwen Yang Cheng Zhang Fan Jiang

EMBO Rep 2022 Jan 7:e53373. Epub 2022 Jan 7.

Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Department of Geriatrics, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.

Mammalian cells utilize Akt-dependent signaling to deploy intracellular Glut4 toward cell surface to facilitate glucose uptake. Low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) is the cargo receptor mediating endocytosis of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins. However, signaling-controlled regulation of intracellular LDLR trafficking remains elusive. Here, we describe a unique amino acid stress response, which directs the deployment of intracellular LDLRs, causing enhanced LDL endocytosis, likely via Ca and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II-mediated signalings. This response is independent of induction of autophagy. Amino acid stress-induced increase in LDL uptake in vitro is comparable to that by pravastatin. In vivo, acute AAS challenge for up to 72 h enhanced the rate of hepatic LDL uptake without changing the total expression level of LDLR. Reducing dietary amino acids by 50% for 2 to 4 weeks ameliorated high fat diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in heterozygous LDLR-deficient mice, with reductions in both LDL and VLDL fractions. We suggest that identification of signaling-controlled regulation of intracellular LDLR trafficking has advanced our understanding of the LDLR biology, and may benefit future development of additional therapeutic strategies for treating hypercholesterolemia.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.15252/embr.202153373DOI Listing
January 2022

Growth hormone secretagogue receptor deficiency promotes lung cancer growth by affecting the Th17/Treg balance.

Authors:
Liang Wu Dongliang Li Linlin Qin Qingliang Wang Yuichi Saito Ricciardi Sara Jiang Fan

Ann Transl Med 2021 Nov;9(22):1696

Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.

Background: Cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) T cells plays a prominent role in eliminating cancer cells. The balance between T helper (Th)17 and regulatory T (Treg) cells is crucial for optimal immune response and protection against cancer. Growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a (GHSR1a), a member of the G protein-coupled protein receptor superfamily, plays a critical role in immune cell function. The aim of our study is to investigate the role of GHSR1a in CD4 T cell differentiation and lung cancer progression.

Methods: A subcutaneous lung cancer model was used to examine the role of GHSR1a in controlling tumor growth. Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells were subcutaneously implanted into mice and wild-type (WT) mice. The ratio of Th17 and Treg in the draining lymph node of mice and WT tumor-bearing mice was detected by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). The effect of GHSR1a deficiency on Th17 and Treg cell differentiation was examined using an differentiation assay. The phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), signal transducer, and activator of transcription (STAT)3 and STAT5 signaling was detected with Western blot.

Results: We found that the ablation of GHSR1a resulted in impaired anti-tumor immunity to control lung cancer growth . We also demonstrated that the deficiency of GHSR1a promoted a shift in the Th17/Treg balance toward enhanced Treg differentiation and inhibited Th17 differentiation both and , which suggests that GHSR1a regulates T cell lineage choices between Th17 and Treg cell commitment in the tumor microenvironment. Mechanistically, the deficiency of GHSR1a resulted in reduced phosphorylation in mTOR and STAT3, and increased phosphorylation in STAT5.

Conclusions: Our findings showed the important role of GHSR1a in CD4 T cell differentiation in the context of the lung cancer microenvironment. This research provides a novel molecular target and insights into interventions for the prevention and treatment of lung cancer.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/atm-21-5727DOI Listing
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8667136PMC
November 2021

A non-contact thermal testing system for ultra-thin vapor chamber.

Authors:
Xinyue Jiang Anqi Chen Fan Jiang Wei Guo You Lv Qi Sun Wei Cui Fang-Shou Lee Yuan Zhu

Rev Sci Instrum 2021 Dec;92(12):124902

School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.

An ultra-thin vapor chamber (UTVC) is an efficient heat transfer component that meets the heat dissipation requirement of miniaturized electronic devices. Heat dissipation is one of the most important issues for UTVCs. With decreasing thickness, the mechanical strength of heat pipes and vapor chambers drops dramatically, and inevitable surface damage occurs during conventional contact thermal testing. Here, we demonstrate a non-contact thermal testing method using laser heating and infrared temperature measurement to evaluate the thermal performance of UTVCs. This non-contact method allows UTVCs to reach a steady-state sooner than traditional contact methods. Use of the characteristic thermal resistance is proposed for more straightforward evaluation of the UTVC thermal performance in non-contact testing setups. This non-contact thermal testing method has proved to be an efficient testing method for UTVCs due to its rapidity, accuracy, and non-destructiveness.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0070768DOI Listing
December 2021

Dominant β-Thalassemia Phenotype Caused by Hb Dieppe (: c.383A>G): Another Case Report.

Authors:
Huan-Qing Chen Li-Sha Wu Fan Jiang Dong-Zhi Li

Hemoglobin 2021 Dec 27:1-3. Epub 2021 Dec 27.

Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, Guangdon, People's Republic of China.

Homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations of the β-globin gene lead to β-thalassemia (β-thal) major (β-TM) or β-thal intermedia (β-TI), whereas heterozygotes usually show microcytosis with negligible or no hemolysis. Certain missense mutations in exon 3, however, produce unstable globins causing a dominant β-thal phenotype or hemolytic anemia in heterozygotes. Here we report a mutation in exon 3 of the β-globin gene, which results in an unstable globin (Hb Dieppe) [β127(H5)Gln→Arg; : c.383A>G] with a dominant β-thal phenotype in two generations of a Chinese family. Physicians should be alerted to this mechanism of β-thal considering its relative rarity.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03630269.2021.2016441DOI Listing
December 2021

A new approach for quantifying epithelial and stromal thickness changes after orthokeratology contact lens wear.

Authors:
Ziying Ran Joshua Moore Fan Jiang Hongmei Guo Ashkan Eliasy Bernardo T Lopes FangJun Bao Jun Jiang Ahmed Abass Ahmed Elsheikh

R Soc Open Sci 2021 Dec 22;8(12):211108. Epub 2021 Dec 22.

School of Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.

The aim of the study was to develop an automatic segmentation approach to optical coherence tomography (OCT) images and to investigate the changes in epithelial and stromal thickness profile and radius of curvature after the use of orthokeratology (Ortho-K) contact lenses. A total of 45 right eyes from 52 participants were monitored before, and after one month of, uninterrupted overnight Ortho-K lens wear. The tomography of their right eyes was obtained using optical OCT and rotating Scheimpflug imaging (OCULUS Pentacam). A custom-built MATLAB code for automatic segmentation of corneal OCT images was created and used to assess changes in epithelial thickness, stromal thickness, corneal and stromal profiles and radii of curvature before, and after one month of, uninterrupted overnight wear of Ortho-K lenses. In the central area (0-2 mm diameter), the epithelium thinned by 12.8 ± 6.0 µm (23.8% on average, < 0.01) after one month of Ortho-K lens wear. In the paracentral area (2-5 mm diameter), the epithelium thinned nasally and temporally (by 2.4 ± 5.9 µm, 4.5% on average, = 0.031). The stroma thickness increased in the central area (by 4.8 ± 16.1 µm, = 0.005). The radius of curvature of the central corneal anterior surface increased by 0.24 ± 0.26 mm (3.1%, < 0.01) along the horizontal meridian and by 0.34 ± 0.18 mm (4.2%, < 0.01) along the vertical meridian. There were no significant changes in the anterior and posterior stromal radius of curvature. This study introduced a new method to automatically detect the anterior corneal surface, the epithelial posterior surface and the posterior corneal surface in OCT scans. Overnight wear of Ortho-K lenses caused thinning of the central corneal epithelium. The anterior corneal surface became flattered while the anterior and posterior surfaces of the stroma did not undergo significant changes. The results are consistent with the changes reported in previous studies. The reduction in myopic refractive error caused by Ortho-K lens wear was mainly due to changes in corneal epithelium thickness profile.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.211108DOI Listing
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8692962PMC
December 2021

Continuous Infusion of Angiotensin IV Protects against Acute Myocardial Infarction via the Inhibition of Inflammation and Autophagy.

Authors:
Wen-Wu Bai Hao Wang Chun-Hua Gao Ke-Yin Liu Bing-Xiu Guo Fan Jiang Ming-Xiang Zhang Chen Li Wei-Dong Qin

Oxid Med Cell Longev 2021 14;2021:2860488. Epub 2021 Dec 14.

Department of Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Angiotensin (Ang) IV possesses many biological properties that are not yet completely understood. Therefore, we investigated the function and mechanism of Ang IV in AMI in and conditions. AMI was performed by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) in male C57 mice. Ang IV was continuously infused by a minipump 3 d before AMI for 33 d. The neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVCs) were stimulated with Ang IV and cultured under hypoxic conditions. , Ang IV infusion significantly reduced the mortality after AMI. By the 7 day after AMI, compared with the AMI group, Ang IV reduced the inflammatory cytokine expression. Moreover, terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase- (TDT-) mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay showed that Ang IV infusion reduced AMI-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Compared with AMI, Ang IV reduced autophagosomes in cardiomyocytes and improved mitochondrial swelling and disarrangement, as assessed by transmission electron microscopy. By 30 day after AMI, Ang IV significantly reduced the ratio of heart weight to body weight. Echocardiography showed that Ang IV improved impaired cardiac function. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson staining showed that Ang IV infusion reduced the infarction size and myocardial fibrosis. , dihydroethidium (DHE) staining and comet assay showed that, compared with the hypoxia group, Ang IV reduced oxidative stress and DNA damage. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) showed that Ang IV reduced hypoxia-induced secretion of the tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) ɑ and interleukin- (IL-) 1. In addition, compared with the hypoxia group, Ang IV reduced the transformation of light chain 3- (LC3-) I to LC3-II but increased p62 expression and decreased cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Overall, the present study showed that Ang IV reduced the inflammatory response, autophagy, and fibrosis after AMI, leading to reduced infarction size and improved cardiac function. Therefore, administration of Ang IV may be a feasible strategy for the treatment of AMI.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2860488DOI Listing
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8691990PMC
December 2021

The effect of krill oil on longevity and locomotion: a pilot study.

Authors:
Jiachen Shi Yanan Wang Fan Jiang Yuanfa Liu Yong-Jiang Xu

Mol Omics 2021 Dec 22. Epub 2021 Dec 22.

State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.

Krill oil as a dietary supplement is popular with consumers. Several experimental and clinical trials have suggested that krill oil is beneficial for longevity and locomotion, but the underlying mechanisms for this have remained largely elusive. In this study, we investigated alleviation of impairment of by polar compounds from frying oil with the use of krill oil. Observations of life span and locomotion demonstrated that the intake of krill oil increased median survival by 17.86%, head thrashes by 27.79% and body bends by 20.78% for impaired . Metabolomic analysis revealed that krill oil could significantly restore the negative alterations caused by polar compounds, including upregulation of serine, tyrosine, palmitic acid and stearic acid, and downregulation of maltose 6'-phosphate, UDP-glucose, glutamic acid, phosphoserine and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3. Additionally, intake of krill oil also changed some metabolites that were irrelevant to impairment by polar compounds, but were beneficial for health for . Metabolomics investigations indicated that krill oil ameliorates energy metabolism and alleviates oxidative stress and excitotoxicity caused by polar compounds on . The data obtained in this study will facilitate future functional studies of krill oil.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1mo00373aDOI Listing
December 2021

Core-Shell Structured Upconversion/Lead-Free Perovskite Nanoparticles for Anticounterfeiting Applications.

Authors:
Hui Xiao Bin Liu Lei Qiu Guogang Li Guodong Zhang Dayu Huang Yajie Zhao Chunzheng Yang Fan Jiang Peipei Dang Hongzhou Lian Ziyong Cheng Jun Lin

Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021 Dec 16:e202115136. Epub 2021 Dec 16.

State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130022, China.

In view of their excellent luminescence properties, nanocrystalline metal halide perovskites have diverse optoelectronic applications, including those related to anticounterfeiting. However, high-quality optical anticounterfeiting typically requires multiple encryptions relying on several optical modes to ensure information security. Herein, an efficient anticounterfeiting strategy based on dual optical encryption is realized by combining up- and downconversion luminescence in a nanocomposite with NaYF  : Er ,Yb as core and a CsMnCl as shell. The emission color of this nanocomposite depends on the penetration depth of incident radiation and can be changed by varying the excitation source (980 nm laser or UV light) to produce different luminescent patterns. This feature allows one to effectively improve the anticounterfeiting index and fabricate professional anticounterfeiting materials.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.202115136DOI Listing
December 2021

Monitoring microbial communities in intensive care units over one year in China.

Authors:
Kexin Li Qianhui Zhu Fan Jiang Huixia Li Jingying Liu Tao Yu Yiyang Du Li Yang Zilong He Songnian Hu

Sci Total Environ 2022 Mar 14;811:152353. Epub 2021 Dec 14.

State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. Electronic address:

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) seriously threaten patient health in intensive care units (ICUs). Profiling the microbial composition and diversity in ICU is important to prevent HAI-related spreading. Given that microbial communities vary across different environments, the time-scale characteristics of pathogens in ICUs have not been explored in China. In our study, to study the bacterial communities of two different ICUs in China, we proceeded dynamic monitoring using 16S rRNA sequencing for a whole year among the bed sheets, bed rails, shared pulse oximeters, bedside lockers, nurses' hands, floor, and carts. Our results showed that the microbial composition significantly changed within months. Significant differences in alpha and beta diversities were also observed among the 12 sampling months in each ICU. Additionally, we found the persistence of several HAI-related bacteria, including Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, Escherichia, and Enterococcus. Source tracking analysis showed that most bacteria in both ICUs came from buildings or human skin. With deep investigations of hospital microbial surveillance on a long-term time-scale, we hope that these results will provide constructive guidelines to prevent the spread of HAIs in ICUs.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152353DOI Listing
March 2022

Mental Health of Parents and Preschool-Aged Children During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Mediating Role of Harsh Parenting and Child Sleep Disturbances.

Authors:
Peiyao Wang Xiaoning Sun Wen Li Zijing Wang Shan He Feng Zhai Yuan Xin Linlin Pan Guanghai Wang Fan Jiang Jie Chen

Front Psychiatry 2021 29;12:746330. Epub 2021 Nov 29.

Department of Otolaryngology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.

In the context of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, mental health problems of parents and children have become a public issue. Herein, we explored the association between parental well-being index and child mental health problems during the pandemic and the mediating role of harsh parenting and child sleep disturbances. An online survey was conducted among 16,398 parents of children aged 3-6 years (48.1% girls, M = 4.69 years, SD = 0.75 years) from March 15 to 29, 2020. Child mental health (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, SDQ), sleep problems (Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire, CSHQ), and parental well-being index (World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index, WHO-5), and harsh parenting were reported by parents. The results revealed that a higher parental well-being index was associated with lower child mental health problems. Harsh parenting and child sleep problems were significant mediators within the association. This study indicates the association between parental well-being index and child mental health during the pandemic and underlying mechanism, and has important implications for reducing parental and child mental health problems.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.746330DOI Listing
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8666595PMC
November 2021

The association between sleep and empathy in young preschoolers: A population study.

Authors:
Tingyu Rong Xiaoning Sun Zichen Zhang Wen Li Yujiao Deng Zijing Wang Min Meng Qi Zhu Yanrui Jiang Jin Zhao Yunting Zhang Guanghai Wang Fan Jiang

J Sleep Res 2021 Dec 13:e13530. Epub 2021 Dec 13.

Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.

Sleep is vital for children's early socio-emotional development, particularly empathy. This study aimed to explore the associations between sleep and empathy in young preschoolers. A sample of 23,259 preschoolers (4.3 ± 0.3 years) at the entry year of preschool was recruited as part of the Shanghai Children's Health, Education and Lifestyle Evaluation-Preschool (SCHEDULE-P) study. Caregivers reported on child sleep, affective empathy, and cognitive empathy through the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire and the Griffith Empathy Measure. Ordinary least-square regression and quantile regression were performed for the associations between sleep and empathy. Sex differences were also investigated. Night sleep duration was negatively associated with affective empathy (β = -0.35, p < 0.001), and positively associated with cognitive empathy (β = 0.41, p < 0.001). Longer nap duration was associated with higher affective empathy (β = 0.28, p < 0.001). Sleep disturbances were positively associated with affective empathy (β = 0.04, p < 0.001) and negatively associated with cognitive empathy (β = -0.09, p < 0.001). These associations were generally stronger in children at higher empathy quantiles and also those at the 10 cognitive empathy quantile. The associations between sleep and affective empathy were mainly contributed by girls, and were more common in boys in terms of cognitive empathy, particularly at the 10 and the 30 quantiles. In conclusion, longer night sleep duration and fewer sleep disturbances are associated with a more mature empathy pattern in young preschoolers. The associations are more prominent in children at the higher end of the empathy spectrum, and vary by sex. These findings highlight the importance to promote sleep health in young children for optimal socio-emotional development.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jsr.13530DOI Listing
December 2021

Dual-carbon isotope constraints on source apportionment of black carbon in the megacity Guangzhou of the Pearl River Delta region, China for 2018 autumn season.

Authors:
Fan Jiang Junwen Liu Zhineng Cheng Ping Ding Yuanqian Xu Zheng Zong Sanyuan Zhu Shengzhen Zhou Caiqing Yan Zhisheng Zhang Junyu Zheng Chongguo Tian Jun Li Gan Zhang

Environ Pollut 2022 Feb 7;294:118638. Epub 2021 Dec 7.

State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, China.

Black carbon (BC) aerosol negatively affects air quality and contributes to climate warming globally. However, little is known about the relative contributions of different source control measures to BC reduction owing to the lack of powerful source-diagnostic tools. We combine the fingerprints of dual-carbon isotope using an optimized Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) scheme and for the first time to study the key sources of BC in megacity Guangzhou of the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region, China in 2018 autumn season. The MCMC model-derived source apportionment of BC shows that the dominant contributor is petroleum combustion (39%), followed by coal combustion (34%) and biomass burning (27%). It should be noted that the BC source pattern is highly sensitive to the variations of air masses transported with an enhanced contribution of fossil source from the eastern area, suggesting the important impact of regional atmospheric transportation on the BC source profile in the PRD region. Also, we further found that fossil fuel combustion BC contributed 84% to the total BC reduction during 2013-2018. The response of PM concentration to the C-derived BC source apportionment is successfully fitted (r = 0.90) and the results predicted that it would take ∼6 years to reach the WHO PM guideline value (10 μg m) for the PRD region if the emission control measures keep same as they are at present. Taken together, our findings suggest that dual-carbon isotope is a powerful tool in constraining the source apportionment of BC for the evaluations of air pollution control and carbon emission measures.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118638DOI Listing
February 2022

Multifaceted Analysis of IL-23A- and/or EBI3-Including Cytokines Produced by Psoriatic Keratinocytes.

Authors:
Kota Tachibana Nina Tang Hitoshi Urakami Ai Kajita Mina Kobashi Hayato Nomura Minori Sasakura Satoru Sugihara Fan Jiang Nahoko Tomonobu Masakiyo Sakaguchi Mamoru Ouchida Shin Morizane

Int J Mol Sci 2021 Nov 23;22(23). Epub 2021 Nov 23.

Department of Dermatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Science, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.

Interleukin (IL) 23 (p19/p40) plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and is upregulated in psoriasis skin lesions. In clinical practice, anti-IL-23Ap19 antibodies are highly effective against psoriasis. IL-39 (p19/ Epstein-Barr virus-induced (EBI) 3), a newly discovered cytokine in 2015, shares the p19 subunit with IL-23. Anti-IL-23Ap19 antibodies may bind to IL-39; also, the cytokine may contribute to the pathogenesis of psoriasis. To investigate IL23Ap19- and/or EBI3-including cytokines in psoriatic keratinocytes, we analyzed IL-23Ap19 and EBI3 expressions in psoriasis skin lesions, using immunohistochemistry and normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs) stimulated with inflammatory cytokines, using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC-Ms/Ms). Immunohistochemical analysis showed that IL-23Ap19 and EBI3 expressions were upregulated in the psoriasis skin lesions. In vitro, these expressions were synergistically induced by the triple combination of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-17A, and interferon (IFN)-γ, and suppressed by dexamethasone, vitamin D3, and acitretin. In ELISA and LC-Ms/Ms analyses, keratinocyte-derived IL-23Ap19 and EBI3, but not heterodimeric forms, were detected with humanized anti-IL-23Ap19 monoclonal antibodies, tildrakizumab, and anti-EBI3 antibodies, respectively. Psoriatic keratinocytes may express IL-23Ap19 and EBI3 proteins in a monomer or homopolymer, such as homodimer or homotrimer.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222312659DOI Listing
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8657699PMC
November 2021

Added Value of a New Strain Elastography Technique in Conventional Ultrasound for the Diagnosis of Breast Masses: A Prospective Multicenter Study.

Authors:
Qi Wei Yu-Jing Yan Ge-Ge Wu Xi-Rong Ye Fan Jiang Jie Liu Gang Wang Yi Wang Yu Wang Zhi-Ping Pan Jin-Hua Hu Juan Song Christoph F Dietrich Xin-Wu Cui

Front Oncol 2021 9;11:779612. Epub 2021 Nov 9.

Sino-German Tongji-Caritas Research Center of Ultrasound in Medicine, Department of Medical Ultrasound, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the value of elasticity score (ES) and strain ratio (SR) combined with conventional ultrasound in distinguishing benign and malignant breast masses and reducing biopsy of BI-RADS (Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System) 4a lesions.

Methods: This prospective, multicenter study included 910 patients from nine different hospitals. The acquisition and analysis of conventional ultrasound and strain elastography (SE) were obtained by radiologists with more than 5 years of experience in breast ultrasound imaging. The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and area under curve (AUC) of conventional ultrasound alone and combined tests with ES and/or SR were calculated and compared.

Results: The optimal cutoff value of SR for differentiating benign from malignant masses was 2.27, with a sensitivity of 60.2% and a specificity of 84.8%. When combined with ES and SR, the AUC of the new BI-RADS classification increased from 0.733 to 0.824 ( < 0.001); the specificity increased from 48.1% to 68.5% ( < 0.001) without a decrease in the sensitivity (98.5% . 96.4%, = 0.065); and the PPV increased from 52.2% to 63.7% ( < 0.001) without a loss in the NPV (98.2% . 97.1%, = 0.327). All three combinations of conventional ultrasound, ES, and SR could reduce the biopsy rate of category 4a lesions without reducing the malignant rate of biopsy (from 100% to 68.3%, 34.9%, and 50.4%, respectively, all < 0.001).

Conclusions: SE can be used as a useful and non-invasive additional method to improve the diagnostic performance of conventional ultrasound by increasing AUC and specificity and reducing the unnecessary biopsy of BI-RADS 4a lesions.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2021.779612DOI Listing
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8631107PMC
November 2021

Selective Acid-Catalyzed Hydroarylation of Nonactivated Alkenes with Aniline Assisted by Hexafluoroisopropanol.

Authors:
Gongming Peng Anaelle Humblot Raphael Wischert Karine De Oliveira Vigier Fan Jiang Marc Pera-Titus François Jérôme

J Org Chem 2021 Dec 2;86(24):17896-17905. Epub 2021 Dec 2.

Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers, University of Poitiers-CNRS 1 rue Marcel Doré, TSA 41105, 86073 Poitiers, France.

The catalytic hydroarylation of nonactivated alkenes with aniline is a reaction of high interest, aiming at providing C-functionalized aniline derivatives that are important precursors for the fabrication of polyurethanes. However, this reaction remains a longstanding goal of catalysis, as it requires one to simultaneously address two important goals: (1) the very low reactivity of nonactivated alkenes and (2) control of the hydroarylation/hydroamination selectivity. As a result, the hydroarylation of aniline is mostly restricted to activated alkenes (i.e., featuring ring strain, conjugation, or activation with electron-donating or -withdrawing groups). Here we show that the combination of bismuth triflate and hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) leads to the formation of highly active catalytic species capable of promoting the hydroarylation of various nonactivated alkenes, such as 1-octene, 1-heptene, and 1-undecene, among others, with aniline with high selectivity (71-92%). Through a combined experimental and computational investigation, we propose a reaction pathway where HFIP stabilizes the rate-determining transition state through a H-bond interaction with the triflate anion, thus assisting the acid catalyst in the hydroarylation of nonactivated alkenes. From a practical point of view, this work opens a catalytic access to C-functionalized aniline derivatives from two cheap and abundant feedstocks in a 100% atom-economical fashion.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.1c02197DOI Listing
December 2021

Spectrum-sine interpolation framework for DTI processing.

Authors:
Yuanjun Wang Fan Jiang Yu Liu

Med Biol Eng Comput 2022 Jan 29;60(1):279-295. Epub 2021 Nov 29.

Department of Radiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data interpolation is important for DTI processing, which could affect the precision and computational complexity in the process of denoising, filtering, regularization, and DTI registration and fiber tracking. In this paper, we propose a novel DTI interpolation framework named with spectrum-sine (SS) focusing on tensor orientation variation in DTI processing. Compared with the state-of-the-art DTI interpolation method using Euler angles or quaternion to represent the orientation of DTI tensors, this method does not need to convert eigenvectors into Euler angles or quaternions, but interpolates each tensor's unit eigenvector directly. The prominent merit of this tensor interpolation method lies in tensor orientation information preservation, which is different from the existing DTI tensor interpolation methods that interpolating tensor's orientation information in a scalar way. The experimental results from both synthetic and real human brain DTI data demonstrated the proposed SS interpolation scheme not only maintains the advantages of Log-Euclidean and Riemannian interpolation frameworks, such as preserving the tensor's symmetric positive definiteness and the monotonic determinant variation, but also preserve the tensor's anisotropy property which was proposed in the spectral quaternion (SQ) method.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11517-021-02471-2DOI Listing
January 2022

An Internet Quiz Game Intervention for Adolescent Alcohol Drinking: A Clustered RCT.

Authors:
Frederick K Ho Keith T S Tung Rosa S Wong Ko Ling Chan Wilfred H S Wong Sai Yin Ho Tai Hing Lam Sheena Mirpuri Benjamin Van Voorhees King Wa Fu Chun Bong Chow Gilbert Chua Winnie Tso Fan Jiang Michael Rich Patrick Ip

Pediatrics 2021 12;148(6)

Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.

Background And Objectives: Interventions on adolescent drinking have yielded mixed results. We assessed the effectiveness of an Internet quiz game intervention compared to conventional health education.

Methods: In this cluster randomized controlled trial with parallel group design, we randomly allocated 30 participating schools to the Internet quiz game intervention or the conventional health education (comparison) group, with 1:1 ratio. Students of Hong Kong secondary schools (aged 12-15 years) were recruited. The intervention was a 4-week Web-based quiz game competition in which participating students answered 1000 alcohol-related multiple-choice quiz questions. The comparison group received a printed promotional leaflet and hyperlinks to alcohol-related information.

Results: Of 30 eligible schools, 15 (4294 students) were randomly assigned to the Internet quiz game intervention group and 15 (3498 students) to the comparison group. Average age of participants was 13.30 years. No significant between-group differences were identified at baseline. Overall retention rate for students was 86.0%. At 1-month follow-up, fewer students in the intervention group reported drinking (9.8% vs 12.1%, risk ratio 0.79, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.68 to 0.92; P = .003), and those who drank reported drinking less alcohol (standardized difference β -0.06, 95% CI -0.11 to -0.01; P = .02). Between-group differences remained statistically significant at 3-month follow-up (10.4% vs 11.6%, risk ratio 0.86, 95% CI 0.74 to 0.999; P = .048; β -0.06, 95% CI -0.11 to -0.01; P = .02).

Conclusions: The Internet quiz game intervention reduced underage drinking by 21% at 1-month and 14% at 3-month follow-up compared with conventional health education.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2021-051005DOI Listing
December 2021

Transition Metal-Modified Co Clusters Supported on Graphdiyne as an Effective Nitrogen Reduction Reaction Electrocatalyst.

Authors:
Yao Luo Mengyuan Li Yuxin Dai Renqiang Zhao Fan Jiang Sufan Wang Yucheng Huang

Inorg Chem 2021 Dec 17;60(23):18251-18259. Epub 2021 Nov 17.

College of Chemistry and Material Science, Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Clean Energy of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China.

Conversion of N into NH through the electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) under ambient conditions represents a novel green ammonia synthesis method. The main obstacle for NRR is lack of efficient, stable, and cost-effective catalysts. In this work, by using density functional theory calculations, 16 transition metal-modified Co clusters supported on graphdiyne (GDY) as potential NRR catalysts were systematically screened. Through the examinations of stability, N activation, selectivity, and activity, Ti-, V-, Cr-, Mn-, and [email protected] were identified as the promising candidates toward NRR. Further explorations on the NRR mechanisms and the Pourbaix diagrams suggest that [email protected] was the most promising candidate catalyst, as it has the lowest limiting potential and high stability under the working conditions. The high activities originate from the synergy effect, where the Co cluster acts as the electron donor and the heteroatom serves as the single active site throughout the NRR process. Our results offer a new perspective for advancing sustainable NH production.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02880DOI Listing
December 2021

Efficacy of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation with Cocktail Conditioning Regimen for the Treatment of Pediatric Patients with Chronic Active Epstein-Barr Virus: A Retrospective Observational Study.

Authors:
Shifen Fan Jiao Chen Zhouyang Liu Juan Xiao Fan Jiang Xiaomei Liu Yuan Sun

Stem Cells Dev 2022 Jan;31(1-2):26-31

Department of Hematology, Beijing Jingdu Children's Hospital, Beijing China.

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) was considered as an only therapeutic strategy for chronic active Epstein-Barr virus (CAEBV) infection with few exceptions, while efficacy of various allo-HSCT conditioning regimens for CAEBV has not been fully investigated yet. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of cocktail conditioning regimen (CCR)-allo-HSCT with reduced-intensity conditioning regimen (RICR)-allo-HSCT for pediatric patients with CAEBV. Data of a total of 54 children with CAEBV from July 2015 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 32 patients received VP16, total body irradiation (TBI), busulfan, fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and antithymocyte globulin (ATG) (CCR1 group), 10 patients received VP16, ara-C, TBI, busulfan, fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and ATG (CCR2 group), and the remaining 12 patients received VP16, busulfan or melphalan, fludarabine, and ATG with or without ara-C (RICR group). The overall survival (OS), hematopoietic engraftment, the incidence of severe graft-versus-host disease, and other parameters were analyzed. After adjusting for potential confounders, CCR1 (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.023; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.001-0.448;  < 0.02) and CCR2 (HR: 0.028; 95% CI: 0.002-0.457;  < 0.02) were associated with a longer OS than RICR. The use of CCR could markedly improve the engraftment success rate and OS rate compared with RICR for pediatric patients with CAEBV.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/scd.2021.0205DOI Listing
January 2022

Development of recombinant COVID-19 vaccine based on CHO-produced, prefusion spike trimer and alum/CpG adjuvants.

Authors:
Haitao Liu Chenliang Zhou Jiao An Yujiao Song Pin Yu Jiadai Li Chenjian Gu Dongdong Hu Yuanxiang Jiang Lingli Zhang Chuanqi Huang Chao Zhang Yunqi Yang Qianjun Zhu Dekui Wang Yuqiang Liu Chenyang Miao Xiayao Cao Longfei Ding Yuanfei Zhu Hua Zhu Linlin Bao Lingyun Zhou Huan Yan Jiang Fan Jianqing Xu Zhongyu Hu Youhua Xie Jiangning Liu Ge Liu

Vaccine 2021 11 30;39(48):7001-7011. Epub 2021 Oct 30.

Shanghai Zerun Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China. Electronic address:

COVID-19 pandemic has severely impacted the public health and social economy worldwide. A safe, effective, and affordable vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 infections/diseases is urgently needed. We have been developing a recombinant vaccine based on a prefusion-stabilized spike trimer of SARS-CoV-2 and formulated with aluminium hydroxide and CpG 7909. The spike protein was expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, purified, and prepared as a stable formulation with the dual adjuvant. Immunogenicity studies showed that candidate vaccines elicited robust neutralizing antibody responses and substantial CD4 T cell responses in both mice and non-human primates. And vaccine-induced neutralizing antibodies persisted at high level for at least 6 months. Challenge studies demonstrated that candidate vaccine reduced the viral loads and inflammation in the lungs of SARS-CoV-2 infected golden Syrian hamsters significantly. In addition, the vaccine-induced antibodies showed cross-neutralization activity against B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 variants. These data suggest candidate vaccine is efficacious in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infections and associated pneumonia, thereby justifying ongoing phase I/II clinical studies in China (NCT04982068 and NCT04990544).
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.10.066DOI Listing
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8556577PMC
November 2021

Host shifts in economically significant fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) with high degree of polyphagy.

Authors:
Jiayao He Ke Chen Fan Jiang Xubin Pan

Ecol Evol 2021 Oct 22;11(20):13692-13701. Epub 2021 Sep 22.

Institute of Plant Inspection and Quarantine Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine Beijing 100176 China.

Insects tend to feed on related hosts. Coevolution tends to be dominated by interactions resulting from plant chemistry in defense strategies, and evolution of secondary metabolisms being in response to insect herbivory remains a classic explanation of coevolution. The present study examines whether evolutionary constraints existing in host associations of economically important fruit flies in the species-rich tribe Dacini (Diptera: Tephritidae) and to what extent these species have evolved specialized dietary patterns. We found a strong effect of host phylogeny on associations on the 37 fruit flies tested, although the fruit fly species feeding on ripe commercially grown fruits that lost the toxic compounds after long-term domestication are mostly polyphagous. We assessed the phylogenetic signal of host breadth across the fruit fly species, showing that the results were substantially different depending on partition levels. Further, we mapped main host family associations onto the fruit fly phylogeny and Cucurbitaceae has been inferred as the most likely ancestral host family for Dacini based on ancestral state reconstruction.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8135DOI Listing
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8525164PMC
October 2021

Spinal Cord Signal Change on Magnetic Resonance Imaging May Predict Worse Clinical In- and Outpatient Outcomes in Patients with Spinal Cord Injury: A Prospective Multicenter Study in 459 Patients.

Authors:
Thorsten Jentzsch David W Cadotte Jefferson R Wilson Fan Jiang Jetan H Badhiwala Muhammad A Akbar Brett Rocos Robert G Grossman Bizhan Aarabi James S Harrop Michael G Fehlings

J Clin Med 2021 Oct 18;10(20). Epub 2021 Oct 18.

Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada.

Prognostic factors for clinical outcome after spinal cord (SC) injury (SCI) are limited but important in patient management and education. There is a lack of evidence regarding magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and clinical outcomes in SCI patients. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether baseline MRI features predicted the clinical course of the disease. This study is an ancillary to the prospective North American Clinical Trials Network (NACTN) registry. Patients were enrolled from 2005-2017. MRI within 72 h of injury and a minimum follow-up of one year were available for 459 patients. Patients with American Spinal Injury Association impairment scale (AIS) E were excluded. Patients were grouped into those with ( = 354) versus without ( = 105) SC signal change on MRI T2-weighted images. Logistic regression analysis adjusted for commonly known a priori confounders (age and baseline AIS). Main outcomes and measures: The primary outcome was any adverse event. Secondary outcomes were AIS at the baseline and final follow-up, length of hospital stay (LOS), and mortality. A regression model adjusted for age and baseline AIS. Patients with intrinsic SC signal change were younger (46.0 (interquartile range (IQR) 29.0 vs. 50.0 (IQR 20.5) years, = 0.039). There were no significant differences in the other baseline variables, gender, body mass index, comorbidities, and injury location. There were more adverse events in patients with SC signal change (230 (65.0%) vs. 47 (44.8%), < 0.001; odds ratio (OR) = 2.09 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.31-3.35), = 0.002). The most common adverse event was cardiopulmonary (186 (40.5%)). Patients were less likely to be in the AIS D category with SC signal change at baseline (OR = 0.45 (95% CI 0.28-0.72), = 0.001) and in the AIS D or E category at the final follow-up (OR = 0.36 (95% CI 0.16-0.82), = 0.015). The length of stay was longer in patients with SC signal change (13.0 (IQR 17.0) vs. 11.0 (IQR 14.0), = 0.049). There was no difference between the groups in mortality (11 (3.2%) vs. 4 (3.9%)). MRI SC signal change may predict adverse events and overall LOS in the SCI population. If present, patients are more likely to have a worse baseline clinical presentation (i.e., AIS) and in- or outpatient clinical outcome after one year. Patients with SC signal change may benefit from earlier, more aggressive treatment strategies and need to be educated about an unfavorable prognosis.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10204778DOI Listing
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8537526PMC
October 2021

Circadian Rhythm Analysis Using Wearable Device Data: Novel Penalized Machine Learning Approach.

Authors:
Xinyue Li Michael Kane Yunting Zhang Wanqi Sun Yuanjin Song Shumei Dong Qingmin Lin Qi Zhu Fan Jiang Hongyu Zhao

J Med Internet Res 2021 10 14;23(10):e18403. Epub 2021 Oct 14.

Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States.

Background: Wearable devices have been widely used in clinical studies to study daily activity patterns, but the analysis remains a major obstacle for researchers.

Objective: This study proposes a novel method to characterize sleep-activity rhythms using actigraphy and further use it to describe early childhood daily rhythm formation and examine its association with physical development.

Methods: We developed a machine learning-based Penalized Multiband Learning (PML) algorithm to sequentially infer dominant periodicities based on the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithm and further characterize daily rhythms. We implemented and applied the algorithm to Actiwatch data collected from a cohort of 262 healthy infants at ages 6, 12, 18, and 24 months, with 159, 101, 111, and 141 participants at each time point, respectively. Autocorrelation analysis and Fisher test in harmonic analysis with Bonferroni correction were applied for comparison with the PML. The association between activity rhythm features and early childhood motor development, assessed using the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales-Second Edition (PDMS-2), was studied through linear regression analysis.

Results: The PML results showed that 1-day periodicity was most dominant at 6 and 12 months, whereas one-day, one-third-day, and half-day periodicities were most dominant at 18 and 24 months. These periodicities were all significant in the Fisher test, with one-fourth-day periodicity also significant at 12 months. Autocorrelation effectively detected 1-day periodicity but not the other periodicities. At 6 months, PDMS-2 was associated with the assessment seasons. At 12 months, PDMS-2 was associated with the assessment seasons and FFT signals at one-third-day periodicity (P<.001) and half-day periodicity (P=.04), respectively. In particular, the subcategories of stationary, locomotion, and gross motor were associated with the FFT signals at one-third-day periodicity (P<.001).

Conclusions: The proposed PML algorithm can effectively conduct circadian rhythm analysis using time-series wearable device data. The application of the method effectively characterized sleep-wake rhythm development and identified the association between daily rhythm formation and motor development during early childhood.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/18403DOI Listing
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8554674PMC
October 2021

Stability of Weld Pool and Elimination of Weld Defects in Aluminum Alloy Plasma Arc Keyhole Welding at Continuously Varying Positions.

Authors:
Wei Cheng Xinqiang Ma Junlin Zhang Zhaoyang Yan Fan Jiang Shujun Chen

Materials (Basel) 2021 Oct 8;14(19). Epub 2021 Oct 8.

Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.

Mathematical statistics were used to study the stability of weld pool and the elimination of weld defects in aluminum alloy plasma arc keyhole welding at continuously varying positions. In the mathematical model, the mass transfer position and spatial welding position were taken as the input, and the shape of the welded joints (symmetry/deviation) was taken as the output. The results showed that the fitted curves of the front, back, and average deviations of the weld seam were all similar to the actual curves. According to the optimum results obtained in the experiment and the mathematical models, the mass transfer position only needs to be adjusted once (near to 30°) during the continuously varying positions, from vertical-up to horizontal welding. A breakthrough from fixed environmental variables to dynamic environmental variables in the process control of the keyhole weld pool was realized, which enabled the Al-alloy keyhole weld pool to resist the disturbance caused by gravity during variable position welding. The deviation of the welded joints of the whole plate was smaller than 0.5 mm, and the mechanical properties of the weld reached at least 85% compared to those of the base material, thus meeting the requirements of Al-alloy welding.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14195898DOI Listing
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8510364PMC
October 2021

Artificial intelligence for hepatitis evaluation.

Authors:
Wei Liu Xue Liu Mei Peng Gong-Quan Chen Peng-Hua Liu Xin-Wu Cui Fan Jiang Christoph F Dietrich

World J Gastroenterol 2021 Sep;27(34):5715-5726

Department Allgemeine Innere Medizin, Kliniken Hirslanden Beau Site, Salem und Permanence, Bern 3626, Switzerland.

Recently, increasing attention has been paid to the application of artificial intelligence (AI) to the diagnosis of diverse hepatic diseases, which comprises traditional machine learning and deep learning. Recent studies have shown the possible value of AI based data mining in predicting the incidence of hepatitis, classifying the different stages of hepatitis, diagnosing or screening for hepatitis, forecasting the progression of hepatitis, and predicting response to antiviral drugs in chronic hepatitis C patients. More importantly, AI based on radiology has been proven to be useful in predicting hepatitis and liver fibrosis as well as grading hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and differentiating it from benign liver tumors. It can predict the risk of vascular invasion of HCC, the risk of hepatic encephalopathy secondary to hepatitis B related cirrhosis, and the risk of liver failure after hepatectomy in HCC patients. In this review, we summarize the application of AI in hepatitis, and identify the challenges and future perspectives.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v27.i34.5715DOI Listing
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8473592PMC
September 2021

A Review of the Role of the S-Detect Computer-Aided Diagnostic Ultrasound System in the Evaluation of Benign and Malignant Breast and Thyroid Masses.

Authors:
Di Zhang Fan Jiang Rui Yin Ge-Ge Wu Qi Wei Xin-Wu Cui Shu-E Zeng Xue-Jun Ni Christoph F Dietrich

Med Sci Monit 2021 Sep 23;27:e931957. Epub 2021 Sep 23.

Department of Internal Medicine, Hirslanden Clinic, Bern, Switzerland.

Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems have attracted extensive attention owing to their performance in the field of image diagnosis and are rapidly becoming a promising auxiliary tool in medical imaging tasks. These systems can quantitatively evaluate complex medical imaging features and achieve efficient and high-diagnostic accuracy. Deep learning is a representation learning method. As a major branch of artificial intelligence technology, it can directly process original image data by simulating the structure of the human brain neural network, thus independently completing the task of image recognition. S-Detect is a novel and interactive CAD system based on a deep learning algorithm, which has been integrated into ultrasound equipment and can help radiologists identify benign and malignant nodules, reduce physician workload, and optimize the ultrasound clinical workflow. S-Detect is becoming one of the most commonly used CAD systems for ultrasound evaluation of breast and thyroid nodules. In this review, we describe the S-Detect workflow and outline its application in breast and thyroid nodule detection. Finally, we discuss the difficulties and challenges faced by S-Detect as a precision medical tool in clinical practice and its prospects.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.12659/MSM.931957DOI Listing
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8477643PMC
September 2021

miR-205 and HMGB1 expressions in chronic periodontitis patients and their associations with the inflammatory factors.

Authors:
Fan Jiang Yanling Zhou Rendan Zhang Yuhan Wen

Am J Transl Res 2021 15;13(8):9224-9232. Epub 2021 Aug 15.

Laboratory of The Dental Department, North Sichuan Medical College Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China.

Objective: This paper sets out to investigate the miR-205 and HMGB1 expressions in chronic periodontitis (PO) patients and their associations with the inflammatory factors.

Methods: From February 2016 to May 2018, 68 PO patients treated in our hospital were recruited for the study and placed in a patient group (PG), and 60 healthy volunteers were also recruited and placed in a healthy group (HG). Serum samples were collected from both groups for the identification of miR-205 using qPCR, as well as to determine the HMGB1 and inflammatory factor (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) expression levels using ELISA. The correlations of the miR-205 and HMGB1 expression levels with the periodontal clinical indicators and the inflammatory factors were analyzed using a correlation analysis.

Results: In comparison with the HG expression, the serum miR-205 expression was lower, and the HMGB1 was elevated in PG (P < 0.05). An ROC curve analysis showed that the areas under the curve (AUCs) of the serum miR-205 and HMGB1 expressions in diagnosing PO were 0.936 and 0.955 respectively. However, the serum miR-205 expression in PG increased while the HMGB1 expression decreased post treatment (P < 0.05). A correlation analysis revealed an inverse association between the serum miR-205 expression levels and the periodontal clinical indicators [bleeding index (BI), probing depth (PD), plaque index (PLI), and attachment loss (AL)], and the inflammatory factors [interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)], but there was a positive association between the HMGB1 expression level and these parameters.

Conclusions: miR-205 and HMGB1 are closely related to the progression of PO, and may be candidate biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of PO.
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8430143PMC
August 2021
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