Publications by authors named "Cong Sun"

214 Publications

Effect of dexmedetomidine administration on analgesic, respiration and inflammatory responses in patients undergoing percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy: a prospective observational study.

Authors:
Xiaoli Zhang Wenping Zhao Cong Sun Zhihua Huang Lifang Zhan Chunlin Xiao Luying Lai Reai Shan

BMC Anesthesiol 2022 May 18;22(1):152. Epub 2022 May 18.

Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.

Background: Local anesthesia has been recommended for percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD) in recent years; however, the efficacy, including oxidative stress, inflammatory reactions and ventilation effects, when intravenous dexmedetomidine (DEX) is administered during PELD has not been described.

Methods: Sixty adult patients undergoing PELD were randomly allocated to either an intravenous DEX sedation group (Group A) or a normal saline group (Group B). Respiratory data, including minute ventilation (MV), tidal volume (TV), and respiratory rate (RR), were recorded using a respiratory volume monitor (RVM), and peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO) was monitored by pulse oximetry. The visual analog score (VAS) was used to assess the level of pain. The serum levels of inflammatory biomarkers including interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were to assess inflammatory reactions. The serum levels of oxidative stress biomarkers including malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) were also recorded to evaluate oxidative stress.

Results: There were no significant differences in RR, MV, TV and SpO between the two groups at any time point (P > 0.05). Group B exhibited lower serum levels of GSH-PX (P < 0.0001) and higher serum levels of MDA (p < 0.0001) than Group A at the end of surgery. Twenty-four hours after surgery, Group B exhibited higher serum levels of IL-6 (P = 0.0033), TNF-α (P = 0.0002), and MDA (P < 0.0001) and lower serum levels of GSH-PX (P < 0.0001) than Group A. In addition, Group A exhibited lower VAS (P < 0.0001) than Group B during surgery.

Conclusions: DEX administration using RVM not only provides analgesia without ventilatory depression but also alleviates oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions in patients undergoing PELD.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12871-022-01691-9DOI Listing
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9115924PMC
May 2022

Quadrivalent mosaic HexaPro-bearing nanoparticle vaccine protects against infection of SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Authors:
Yin-Feng Kang Cong Sun Jing Sun Chu Xie Zhen Zhuang Hui-Qin Xu Zheng Liu Yi-Hao Liu Sui Peng Run-Yu Yuan Jin-Cun Zhao Mu-Sheng Zeng

Nat Commun 2022 May 13;13(1):2674. Epub 2022 May 13.

State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China.

Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) harboring multiple mutations in the spike protein raise concerns on effectiveness of current vaccines that rely on the ancestral spike protein. Here, we design a quadrivalent mosaic nanoparticle vaccine displaying spike proteins from the SARS-CoV-2 prototype and 3 different VOCs. The mosaic nanoparticle elicits equivalent or superior neutralizing antibodies against variant strains in mice and non-human primates with only small reduction in neutralization titers against the ancestral strain. Notably, it provides protection against infection with prototype and B.1.351 strains in mice. These results provide a proof of principle for the development of multivalent vaccines against pandemic and potential pre-emergent SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-30222-wDOI Listing
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9106700PMC
May 2022

gen. nov., sp. nov., a member of the family isolated from seawater of the Indian Ocean and intertidal zone.

Authors:
Hua-Yang Liang Cong Sun Lin Xu Xue-Wei Xu Hong Cheng Yi Wan

Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2022 May;72(5)

School of Oceanography, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, PR China.

Two Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacteria, strains h42 and ALG8, were isolated individually from the Indian Ocean and intertidal zone of Zhoushan, China. The results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the sequence similarity between strains h42 and ALG8 was 99.7 %, and the closest related strains were C7 (97.77 and 97.62 %) and GYSW-23 (95.31 and 95.45 %). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences shows that these two novel strains belong to a distinct new lineage of the family in the order . The average nucleotide identity and DNA-DNA hybridization values between the two novel strains and C7 and GYSW-23 were 72.73-78.15 % and 19.70-20.80 %, respectively. The DNA G+C content of strains h42 and ALG8 was 62.36 % and 62.17 mol %. The major fatty acids (>10 %) in strain h42 were C, C cyclo 8 and summed feature 8 (C 6 and/or C 7), and in strain ALG8 were C cyclo 8 and summed feature 8 (Cω6 and/or C 7). The predominant isoprenoid ubiquinone of the two novel strains was Q-10; their major polar lipids were identified as diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, two unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified aminoglycolipid, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified lipid. Based on the results of the morphological, physiological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis of these two strains, a novel species of a new genus in the family is proposed, named as gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain and non-type strain of are h42 (=KCTC 72875=CGMCC 1.17849=MCCC 1K04735) and ALG8 (=KCTC 82194=MCCC 1K04733).
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.005341DOI Listing
May 2022

Extensive facial scarring after ablative laser resurfacing in a patient with frontal fibrosing alopecia.

Authors:
Cong Sun Davin Lim Philip Bekhor

JAAD Case Rep 2022 May 26;23:123-127. Epub 2022 Mar 26.

Cutis Clinic, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdcr.2022.03.024DOI Listing
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9039873PMC
May 2022

Vesicular Stomatitis Virus-Based Epstein-Barr Virus Vaccines Elicit Strong Protective Immune Responses.

Authors:
Xiang-Wei Kong Xiao Zhang Guo-Long Bu Hui-Qin Xu Yin-Feng Kang Cong Sun Qian-Ying Zhu Run-Bo Ma Zheng Liu Yi-Xin Zeng Mu-Sheng Zeng Zhu-Long Hu

J Virol 2022 May 11;96(9):e0033622. Epub 2022 Apr 11.

State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC), Guangzhou, China.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), the first identified human tumor virus, is etiologically associated with various kinds of malignant and benign diseases, accounting for 265,000 cancer incident cases and 164,000 cancer deaths in 2017. EBV prophylactic vaccine development has been gp350 centered for several decades. However, clinical studies show that gp350-centered vaccines fail to prevent EBV infection. Advances in the EBV infection mechanisms shed light on gB and gHgL, the two key components of the infection apparatus. In this study, for the first time, we utilized recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) to display EBV gB (VSV-ΔG-gB/gB-G) or gHgL (VSV-ΔG-gHgL). studies confirmed successful virion production and glycoprotein presentation on the virion surface. In mouse models, VSV-ΔG-gB/gB-G or VSV-ΔG-gHgL elicited potent humoral responses. Neutralizing antibodies elicited by VSV-ΔG-gB/gB-G were prone to prevent B cell infection, while those elicited by VSV-ΔG-gHgL were prone to prevent epithelial cell infection. Combinatorial vaccination yields an additive effect. The ratio of endpoint neutralizing antibody titers to the endpoint total IgG titers immunized with VSV-ΔG-gHgL was approximately 1. The ratio of IgG1/IgG2a after VSV-ΔG-gB/gB-G immunization was approximately 1 in a dose-dependent, adjuvant-independent manner. Taken together, VSV-based EBV vaccines can elicit a high ratio of epithelial and B lymphocyte neutralizing antibodies, implying their unique potential as EBV prophylactic vaccine candidates. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), one of the most common human viruses and the first identified human oncogenic virus, accounted for 265,000 cancer incident cases and 164,000 cancer deaths in 2017 as well as millions of nonmalignant disease cases. So far, no prophylactic vaccine is available to prevent EBV infection. In this study, for the first time, we reported the VSV-based EBV vaccines presenting two key components of the EBV infection apparatus, gB and gHgL. We confirmed potent antigen-specific antibody generation; these antibodies prevented EBV from infecting epithelial cells and B cells, and the IgG1/IgG2a ratio indicated balanced humoral-cellular responses. Taken together, we suggest VSV-based EBV vaccines are potent prophylactic candidates for clinical studies and help eradicate numerous EBV-associated malignant and benign diseases.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00336-22DOI Listing
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9093130PMC
May 2022

Sirtuin 2 Alleviates Chronic Neuropathic Pain by Suppressing Ferroptosis in Rats.

Authors:
Xiaojiao Zhang Tao Song Mengnan Zhao Xueshu Tao Bohan Zhang Cong Sun Pinying Wang Kunpeng Wang Lin Zhao

Front Pharmacol 2022 23;13:827016. Epub 2022 Mar 23.

Department of Pain Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.

Neuropathic pain (NP) is chronic and associated with poor effects of general analgesia. It affects patients' health and quality of life. The apoptotic process of lipid peroxidation caused by iron overload is called ferroptosis, which may be associated with nervous system disease. A recent study has found that sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) achieves a neuroprotective effect by suppressing ferroptosis. Herein, we aimed to examine whether SIRT2 regulated spared nerve injury (SNI)-induced NP by suppressing ferroptosis in rats. A rat model of NP was induced in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 200-250 g. Mechanical allodynia was observed from the first day after SNI and continued for 14 days. Compared with age-matched control rats, the expression of SIRT2 and ferroportin 1 (FPN1) decreased in the L4-6 spinal cord of the SNI-induced NP rats. In addition, we observed that the levels of both iron and anti-acyl-coenzyme A synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4) were significantly increased in the spinal cord after SNI, while the expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) was decreased. Furthermore, an intrathecal injection of SIRT2 overexpressed recombinant adenovirus, which upregulated the expression of SIRT2, attenuated mechanical allodynia, enhanced the level of FPN1, inhibited intracellular iron accumulation, and reduced oxidant stress levels, thereby reversing the changes to ACSL4 and GPX4 expression in the SNI rats. This evidence suggests that SIRT2-targeted therapeutics may help relieve the symptoms of chronic NP.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.827016DOI Listing
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8984153PMC
March 2022

Complete genome sequence of Kordiimonas pumila N18 sheds light on biogeochemical roles of the genus Kordiimonas.

Authors:
Nan Geng Di Yang Jia Hua Long-Jia Huang Han Dong Cong Sun Lin Xu

Mar Genomics 2022 Apr 22;62:100930. Epub 2022 Jan 22.

College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Ministry of Natural Resources & Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, People's Republic of China; Shaoxing Biomedical Research Institute Co. LTD, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Shaoxing 312369, People's Republic of China. Electronic address:

Kordiimonas pumila N18 (=KCTC 62164 = MCCC 1K03436) was isolated from coastal sediments collected in Zhoushan, P. R. China. Ensuing genome sequencing revealed that it consists of a single chromosome with a size of 4,041,658 bp and a DNA G+C content of 47.4%. The genomic annotations further identified 3724 open reading frames (ORFs), 4 rRNA genes, and 43 tRNA genes in the Kordiimonas pumila N18 genome. The percentages of ORFs assigned to the CAZy, COG, GO, and KEGG databases were 1.0, 84.8, 19.9, and 59.3%, respectively. Comparative genomic analysis with four other Kordiimonas genomes indicated that the pan- and core-genomes of the genus Kordiimonas consists of 8985 and 1470 orthologous clusters, respectively. Functional annotations of the genus Kordiimonas core genome further revealed that they utilize monosaccharides, peptides, and esters as energy substrates because of the absence of several glycoside hydrolases, glycosyl transferases, aminopeptidases, carbohydrate esterase coding genes, and polysaccharide lyases coding genes in their genomes. Moreover, the genus Kordiimonas possesses survival advantages in ammonium-, phosphorus-, and iron- deficient environments, which are vital for inhabiting marine environments. Overall, this study reports the complete genome of the order Kordiimonadales and broadens the understanding of its ecological roles.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.margen.2022.100930DOI Listing
April 2022

Multiple small pneumatoceles as a complication of a SARS-CoV-2 infection in a child from Myanmar.

Authors:
Daqian He Cong Sun Zhongjun Shang Yuansong Yang Ying Chen

J Travel Med 2022 Feb 23. Epub 2022 Feb 23.

Department of Thoracic Surgery I, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Yunnan Cancer Center), Kunming 650118, China.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jtm/taac026DOI Listing
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8903482PMC
February 2022

Morbilliform rash with deranged liver functions.

Authors:
Cong Sun Jim Muir

Aust J Gen Pract 2022 03;51(3):145-147

MBBS, FACD, FACRRM (Hon), Consultant Dermatologist, Mater Hospital, Qld; Associate Professor, University of Queensland, Qld.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.31128/AJGP-03-21-5875DOI Listing
March 2022

Parallel profiling of antigenicity alteration and immune escape of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron and other variants.

Authors:
Cong Sun Yin-Feng Kang Yuan-Tao Liu Xiang-Wei Kong Hui-Qin Xu Dan Xiong Chu Xie Yi-Hao Liu Sui Peng Guo-Kai Feng Zheng Liu Mu-Sheng Zeng

Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022 02 8;7(1):42. Epub 2022 Feb 8.

State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China.

SARS-CoV-2 variants have evolved a variety of critical mutations, leading to antigenicity changes and immune escape. The recent emerging SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant attracted global attention due to its significant resistance to current antibody therapies and vaccines. Here, we profiled the mutations of Omicron and other various circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants in parallel by computational interface analysis and in vitro experimental assays. We identified critical mutations that lead to antigenicity changes and diminished neutralization efficiency of a panel of 14 antibodies due to diverse molecular mechanisms influencing the antigen-antibody interaction. Our study identified that Omicron exhibited extraordinary potency in immune escape compared to the other variants of concern, and explores the application of computational interface analysis in SARS-CoV-2 mutation surveillance and demonstrates its potential for the early identification of concerning variants, providing preliminary guidance for neutralizing antibody therapy.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41392-022-00910-6DOI Listing
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8826850PMC
February 2022

Halomonas populi sp. nov. isolated from Populus euphratica.

Authors:
Lin Xu Jun-Jie Ying Yuan-Chun Fang Ran Zhang Jia Hua Min Wu Bing-Nan Han Cong Sun

Arch Microbiol 2021 Dec 27;204(1):86. Epub 2021 Dec 27.

College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China.

Three yellow-pigmented, Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, motile by flagella and rod-shaped strains, designated as MC, PC and RC, were isolated from stems of Populus euphratica. Growth of those three strains occurs at 4-40 °C, pH 6.0-10.0 and with 0.5-18.0% (w/v) NaCl. Respiratory quinones contained ubiquinone-9 and ubiquione-8 as major and minor components, respectively. Major fatty acids (> 10%) were summed feature 8 (Cω6c and/or Cω7c), summed feature 3 (Cω6c and/or Cω7c) and C. Polar lipids included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified phospholipids, one unidentified aminolipid, one unidentified glycolipid and four unidentified lipids. Strains MC, PC and RC shared pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 99.9-100.0%, and showed higher similarities of 98.4-98.5% with Halomonas songnenensis NEAU-ST10-39 and 98.3-98.4% with Halomonas nanhaiensis YIM M 13059 than to other Halomonas type strains. Genomic comparisons revealed that those three strains had the pan-genome consisting of 4446 orthologous clusters, among which 676 orthologous clusters were absent in other Halomonas type strains. Phylogenomic tree indicated that strains MC, PC and RC formed an independently stable clade with Halomonas nanhaiensis YIM M 13059 and Halomonas songnenensis NEAU-ST10-39. The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between those three strains and other Halomonas type strains were < 89.9% and < 39.3%, respectively. Based upon phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic and genomic results, strains MC, PC and RC represent a novel species in the genus Halomonas, for which the name Halomonas populi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MC (= JCM 33545 = MCCC 1K03942).
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00203-021-02704-wDOI Listing
December 2021

Trichloroacetic Acid Paint for Boxcar and Polymorphic Acne Scars.

Authors:
Cong Sun Davin Lim

Dermatol Surg 2022 02;48(2):214-218

Cutis Clinic, Indooroopilly, QLD, Australia.

Background: Scarring is a common complication of acne vulgaris with a significant impact on the psychological well-being of patients. Focal application of high concentration trichloroacetic acid (TCA) has been proven efficacious in treating ice-pick scars, but the utility in other scar types is understudied.

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of 90% TCA in boxcar and polymorphic acne scars using a novel brush applicator.

Materials And Methods: Forty-one patients with acne scars were recruited for treatment of boxcar and polymorphic scar with 90% TCA applied with a cosmetic brush. Each patient received 3 treatment sessions spaced between 7 and 9 weeks apart.

Results: All participants had good to excellent outcomes as per Jacob and colleagues grading. Patients with skin Type 3 to 6 had more excellent outcomes (13 patient, 59%) than patients of skin type 1 to 2 (9 patients, 41%). Two participants (5%) had postprocedural complications. Five participants (14%) were on concomitant isotretinoin with no appreciable increase in reepithelialization time or rate of complications.

Conclusion: Focal 90% TCA with a cosmetic brush applicator is safe and effective in treating boxcar and polymorphic scars. The clinical outcome is good to excellent with low rates of complication.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/DSS.0000000000003339DOI Listing
February 2022

Deep learning with language models improves named entity recognition for PharmaCoNER.

Authors:
Cong Sun Zhihao Yang Lei Wang Yin Zhang Hongfei Lin Jian Wang

BMC Bioinformatics 2021 Dec 17;22(Suppl 1):602. Epub 2021 Dec 17.

School of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China.

Background: The recognition of pharmacological substances, compounds and proteins is essential for biomedical relation extraction, knowledge graph construction, drug discovery, as well as medical question answering. Although considerable efforts have been made to recognize biomedical entities in English texts, to date, only few limited attempts were made to recognize them from biomedical texts in other languages. PharmaCoNER is a named entity recognition challenge to recognize pharmacological entities from Spanish texts. Because there are currently abundant resources in the field of natural language processing, how to leverage these resources to the PharmaCoNER challenge is a meaningful study.

Methods: Inspired by the success of deep learning with language models, we compare and explore various representative BERT models to promote the development of the PharmaCoNER task.

Results: The experimental results show that deep learning with language models can effectively improve model performance on the PharmaCoNER dataset. Our method achieves state-of-the-art performance on the PharmaCoNER dataset, with a max F1-score of 92.01%.

Conclusion: For the BERT models on the PharmaCoNER dataset, biomedical domain knowledge has a greater impact on model performance than the native language (i.e., Spanish). The BERT models can obtain competitive performance by using WordPiece to alleviate the out of vocabulary limitation. The performance on the BERT model can be further improved by constructing a specific vocabulary based on domain knowledge. Moreover, the character case also has a certain impact on model performance.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12859-021-04260-yDOI Listing
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8684061PMC
December 2021

Effect of Shenmai Injection on Long-Term Prognosis of Patients with Chronic Heart Failure: A Multicenter, Large Sample Capacity, Long-Term Follow-Up Retrospective Cohort Study.

Authors:
Hui Guan Guo-Hua Dai Wu-Lin Gao Tong Zhang Cong Sun Li-Li Ren Xiao-Ming Hou Zhang Liu

Chin J Integr Med 2022 Apr 7;28(4):312-318. Epub 2021 Dec 7.

The First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China.

Objective: To explore the effect of Shenmai Injection (SMI) on the long-term prognosis of patients with chronic heart failure (CHF).

Methods: The Hospital Information System was used to extract data of CHF patients, and the retrospective cohort study was conducted for analysis. In non-exposed group, standardized Western medicine treatment and Chinese patent medicine or decoction were applied without combination of SMI while in the exposed group, SMI were applied for more than 7 days. Evaluation indicators are followed with New York Heart Association functional classification (NYHA classification), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide precursor (NT-ProBNP), cardiogenic death and heart failure (HF) readmission. Statistical analysis includes Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression which are used to explore the relationship between SMI and outcome events.

Results: A total of 1,211 eligible CHF patients were involved and finally 1,047 patients were followed up successfully. After treatment, the cases of NYHA classification decline in the exposed and non-exposed groups accounted for 64.30% and 43.45%, respectively; the improvement values of LVEF were 8.89% and 7.91%, respectively; the improvement values of NT-ProBNP were 909 pg/mL and 735 pg/mL, respectively. After exposure on SMI, the rates of cardiogenic death and HF readmission reduced from 15.43% to 10.18% and 38.93% to 32.37%. According to Kaplan-Meier analysis, the log-rank P value of SMI and cardiogenic death was 0.014, while the counterpart of SMI and HF readmission was 0.025. Cox regression analysis indicated that for cardiogenic death, age, cardiomyopathy, diabetes, and NYHA classification were risk factors while β-blockers, aldosterone receptor antagonists, Chinese patent medicine/decoction and SMI were protective factors. Likewise, for HF readmission, age, cardiomyopathy, and NYHA classification were risk factors while SMI was a protective factor.

Conclusion: Combination with SMI on the standardized Western medicine treatment can effectively reduce cardiogenic mortality and readmission rate in CHF patients, and thereby improve the long-term prognosis.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11655-021-2875-yDOI Listing
April 2022

MRC4BioER: Joint extraction of biomedical entities and relations in the machine reading comprehension framework.

Authors:
Cong Sun Zhihao Yang Lei Wang Yin Zhang Hongfei Lin Jian Wang

J Biomed Inform 2022 01 27;125:103956. Epub 2021 Nov 27.

School of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.

Extracting entities and their relations from unstructured literature to form structured triplets is essential for biomedical knowledge extraction. Because sentences in biomedical datasets usually have many special overlapping triplets, it is difficult to use previous work to extract these triplets effectively. In this work, we propose a novel tagging strategy to achieve joint extraction in the machine reading comprehension framework. On the one hand, our method uses Query in the machine reading comprehension framework to introduce the information of the specific relation. On the other hand, our method introduces a tagging strategy for overlapping triplets in the biomedical domain. We use CHEMPROT and DDIExtraction2013 datasets to evaluate our method. The experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method can enhance the model's ability to deal with overlapping triplets, improving extraction performance.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2021.103956DOI Listing
January 2022

A solitary penile lesion.

Authors:
Cong Sun Jim Muir

Aust J Gen Pract 2021 12;50(12):911-913

MBBS, FACD, FACRRM (Hon), Consultant Dermatologist, Mater Hospital, Qld; Associate Professor, University of Queensland, Qld.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.31128/AJGP-08-20-5583DOI Listing
December 2021

Influence of Magnetostriction Induced by the Periodic Permanent Magnet Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer (PPM EMAT) on Steel.

Authors:
Cong Zhu Sun Anthony Sinclair Tobin Filleter

Sensors (Basel) 2021 Nov 19;21(22). Epub 2021 Nov 19.

Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada.

The periodic permanent magnet electromagnetic acoustic transducer (PPM EMAT) is a sensor that can generate and receive shear horizontal (SH) waves without direct contact with the inspected medium using the Lorentz mechanism. However, the PPM EMAT experiences high signal variance on ferromagnetic steel under specific conditions, such as a change in signal amplitude when the sensor is moved in the direction of SH wave propagation. Magnetostriction effects are hypothesized to be the cause of these anomalous behaviors; the objective of this paper is to determine the relative strengths of the magnetostriction and Lorentz wave generation mechanisms for this type of EMAT on steel. This goal is accomplished through the use of a second EMAT, which induces only magnetostriction (MS-EMAT), to calibrate a novel semi-empirical magnetostriction model. It is found that magnetostriction effects reduce the amplitude of the SH wave generated by this particular PPM EMAT transmitter by an average of 29% over a range of input currents. It is also determined that magnetostriction is significant only in the investigated PPM EMAT transmitter, not the receiver. In terms of practical application, it is shown that the MS-EMAT is less sensitive to changes in the static and dynamic fields than PPM EMATs at specific operating points; this makes the MS-EMAT a viable alternative for nondestructive evaluation despite lower amplitudes.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21227700DOI Listing
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8619184PMC
November 2021

A potent and protective human neutralizing antibody targeting a novel vulnerable site of Epstein-Barr virus.

Authors:
Qian-Ying Zhu Sisi Shan Jinfang Yu Si-Ying Peng Cong Sun Yanan Zuo Lan-Yi Zhong Shu-Mei Yan Xiao Zhang Ziqing Yang Yong-Jian Peng Xuanling Shi Su-Mei Cao Xinquan Wang Mu-Sheng Zeng Linqi Zhang

Nat Commun 2021 11 16;12(1):6624. Epub 2021 Nov 16.

NexVac Research Center, Comprehensive AIDS Research Center, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with a range of epithelial and B cell malignancies as well as autoimmune disorders, for which there are still no specific treatments or effective vaccines. Here, we isolate EBV gH/gL-specific antibodies from an EBV-infected individual. One antibody, 1D8, efficiently neutralizes EBV infection of two major target cell types, B cells and epithelial cells. In humanized mice, 1D8 provides protection against a high-dose EBV challenge by substantially reducing viral loads and associated tumor burden. Crystal structure analysis reveals that 1D8 binds to a key vulnerable interface between the D-I/D-II domains of the viral gH/gL protein, especially the D-II of the gH, thereby interfering with the gH/gL-mediated membrane fusion and binding to target cells. Overall, we identify a potent and protective neutralizing antibody capable of reducing the EBV load. The novel vulnerable site represents an attractive target that is potentially important for antibody and vaccine intervention against EBV infection.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-26912-6DOI Listing
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8595662PMC
November 2021

Evaluation of MRI Features and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes for Prenatally Diagnosed Periventricular Pseudocysts.

Authors:
Cong Sun Xinjuan Zhang Xin Chen Xinhong Wei Yufan Chen Aocai Yang Jinxia Zhu Guangbin Wang

Front Pediatr 2021 22;9:681999. Epub 2021 Oct 22.

Department of Radiology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China.

This study aimed to evaluate the morphologic features and neurodevelopmental outcomes of individuals prenatally diagnosed with a periventricular pseudocyst (PVPC). Pregnant women with a fetus prenatally diagnosed with PVPC by MRI were enrolled in this retrospective study. The fetuses with PVPCs were divided into group 1 (isolated PVPC) and group 2 (PVPC with additional findings). The surviving infants underwent brain MRI examinations and the Gesell Developmental Scale (GDS) test after birth. Independent sample -tests were used to compare the differences in the developmental quotient (DQ) between group 1 and group 2. We also analyzed the correlations among the DQ, location (unilateral/bilateral), size (diameter), and number (single/multiple) of the PVPCs in group 1 using Lasso regression. In total, 131 infants (group 1: 78 infants, group 2: 53 infants) underwent MRI examinations after birth, and 97 infants (group 1: 59 infants, group 2: 38 infants) underwent the GDS test. Upon follow-up, the sizes of the cysts had become smaller or disappeared after birth. The average DQ in group 2 was lower than that in group 1 (all with < 0.001). In group 1, the location (unilateral/bilateral), size (diameter), and number (single/multiple) of the PVPC did not affect the DQ. The PVPCs became smaller or disappeared after birth. Isolated PVPCs usually have a normal presentation after birth regardless of the location, number, or size. For PVPCs with additional findings, the neurodevelopmental outcomes were inferior to those in isolated PVPCs.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fped.2021.681999DOI Listing
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8569444PMC
October 2021

Reclassification of as nom. nov. and emended description of the genus .

Authors:
Jun-Jie Ying Zhi-Cheng Wu Yuan-Chun Fang Lin Xu Cong Sun

Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2021 Oct;71(10)

College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China.

was proposed as a novel member of genus in 2016. Some time earlier, has been proposed as a novel species of a novel genus named . When comparing the 16S rRNA gene sequences of type strains NH6-79 and D11M-2, they showed 97.9 % sequence identity, much higher than the sequence identities 92.7-94.3 % between NH6-79 and type strains in the genus , indicating that the later proposed novel taxon need reclassification. The phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and genome sequences both showed that NH6-79 and D11M-2 formed a separated branch away from strains in the genera , and . The average amino acid identity and average nucleotide identity values of NH6-79 and D11M-2 were 87.9 and 85.0 %, respectively, much higher than the values between NH6-79 and other closely related type strains (54.3 %-58.1 % and 68.6-70.4 %, respectively). NH6-79 and D11M-2 also contained summed feature 8 (C 6 and/or C 7c) and C as major fatty acids, distinguishing them from other closely related taxa. Based on the results of the phylogenetic, comparative genomic and phenotypic analyses, should be reclassified as nom. nov. and the description of genus is emended.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.005072DOI Listing
October 2021

Preoperative CT-Based Deep Learning Model for Predicting Risk Stratification in Patients With Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors.

Authors:
Bing Kang Xianshun Yuan Hexiang Wang Songnan Qin Xuelin Song Xinxin Yu Shuai Zhang Cong Sun Qing Zhou Ying Wei Feng Shi Shifeng Yang Ximing Wang

Front Oncol 2021 17;11:750875. Epub 2021 Sep 17.

Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China.

Objective: To develop and evaluate a deep learning model (DLM) for predicting the risk stratification of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs).

Methods: Preoperative contrast-enhanced CT images of 733 patients with GISTs were retrospectively obtained from two centers between January 2011 and June 2020. The datasets were split into training (n = 241), testing (n = 104), and external validation cohorts (n = 388). A DLM for predicting the risk stratification of GISTs was developed using a convolutional neural network and evaluated in the testing and external validation cohorts. The performance of the DLM was compared with that of radiomics model by using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROCs) and the Obuchowski index. The attention area of the DLM was visualized as a heatmap by gradient-weighted class activation mapping.

Results: In the testing cohort, the DLM had AUROCs of 0.90 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.84, 0.96), 0.80 (95% CI: 0.72, 0.88), and 0.89 (95% CI: 0.83, 0.95) for low-malignant, intermediate-malignant, and high-malignant GISTs, respectively. In the external validation cohort, the AUROCs of the DLM were 0.87 (95% CI: 0.83, 0.91), 0.64 (95% CI: 0.60, 0.68), and 0.85 (95% CI: 0.81, 0.89) for low-malignant, intermediate-malignant, and high-malignant GISTs, respectively. The DLM (Obuchowski index: training, 0.84; external validation, 0.79) outperformed the radiomics model (Obuchowski index: training, 0.77; external validation, 0.77) for predicting risk stratification of GISTs. The relevant subregions were successfully highlighted with attention heatmap on the CT images for further clinical review.

Conclusion: The DLM showed good performance for predicting the risk stratification of GISTs using CT images and achieved better performance than that of radiomics model.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2021.750875DOI Listing
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8496403PMC
September 2021

Adiponectin improves amyloid-β 31-35-induced circadian rhythm disorder in mice.

Authors:
Yuan Yuan Chen Li Shuai Guo Cong Sun Na Ning Haihu Hao Li Wang Yunfei Bian Huirong Liu Xiaohui Wang

J Cell Mol Med 2021 10 15;25(20):9851-9862. Epub 2021 Sep 15.

Basic Medical Sciences Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.

Adiponectin is an adipocyte-derived hormone, which is closely associated with the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and has potential preventive and therapeutic significance. In the present study, we explored the relationship between adiponectin and circadian rhythm disorder in AD, the effect of adiponectin on the abnormal expression of Bmal1 mRNA/protein induced by amyloid-β protein 31-35 (Aβ31-35), and the underlying mechanism of action. We found that adiponectin-knockout mice exhibited amyloid-β deposition, circadian rhythm disorders and abnormal expression of Bmal1. Adiponectin ameliorated the abnormal expression of the Bmal1 mRNA/protein caused by Aβ31-35 by inhibiting the activity of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β). These results suggest that adiponectin deficiency could induce circadian rhythm disorders and abnormal expression of the Bmal1 mRNA/protein, whilst exogenous administration of adiponectin may improve Aβ31-35-induced abnormal expression of Bmal1 by inhibiting the activity of GSK3β, thus providing a novel idea for the treatment of AD.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcmm.16932DOI Listing
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8505833PMC
October 2021

Risk assessment concerning the heavy metals in sediment around Taihu Lake, China.

Authors:
Hou-Qi Liu Yan Zhang Zi-Jiao Yuan Cong Sun

Water Environ Res 2021 Nov 29;93(11):2795-2806. Epub 2021 Sep 29.

Suzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.

The present study sought to determine the systematic pollution status of the heavy metals (HMs) found in the sediment around Taihu Lake, China. The concentrations and speciations of the HMs in the sediment were measured. The Ni and Cr concentrations exceeded the probable effect level (PEL), while the concentrations of the other HMs (except Hg) were between the threshold effect level and the PEL. The enrichment factor values for all HMs indicated slight enrichment. The geoaccumulation index revealed that the HMs represented light pollution, while the average contaminant factor value of the HMs indicated moderate pollution. The ecological risk factor value indicated a medium ecological risk, with Cd and Hg being associated with a high and considerable potential ecological risk, respectively. The ecological risk index indicated that the ecological risk posed by the HMs was high. The contamination degree revealed a moderate level of metal pollution, while the pollution load index indicated a heavy pollution level. The extractable proportion of the HMs (except for Cr and As) exceeded 50%. In the case of Cd, the exchangeable proportion was 51.11%, which indicated it to be extremely unstable. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Heavy metals (except for Cr and As) have a high potential ecological risk. All selected heavy metals implying varying degrees of instability. Cd was the most serious pollutant based on the Igeo, Cf and EF analyses.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wer.1638DOI Listing
November 2021

Birthweight-for-gestational-age -scores are associated with early childhood cardiometabolic health in the Peri/Postnatal Epigenetic Twin Study.

Authors:
Deborah N Ashtree Mihiri J Silva Cong Sun Jeffrey M Craig Katrina J Scurrah

J Dev Orig Health Dis 2021 Aug 23:1-9. Epub 2021 Aug 23.

Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.

Birthweight has been consistently related to risk of cardiometabolic disorders in later life. Twins are at higher risk of low birthweight than singletons, so understanding the links between birthweight and cardiometabolic health may be particularly important for twins. However, evidence for the association of birthweight with childhood markers of cardiometabolic health in twins is currently lacking. Previous studies have often failed to appropriately adjust for gestational age or fully implement twin regression models. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the association of birthweight-for-gestational-age z-scores with childhood cardiometabolic health in twins, using within-between regression models. The Peri/Postnatal Epigenetic Twins Study is a Melbourne-based prospective cohort study of 250 twin pairs. Birthweight was recorded at delivery, and childhood anthropometric measures were taken at 18-month and 6-year follow-up visits. Associations of birthweight with markers of cardiometabolic health were assessed at the individual, between- and within-pair level using linear regression with generalised estimating equations. Birthweight-for-gestational-age z-scores were associated with height, weight and BMI at 18 months and 6 years, but not with blood pressure (twins-as-individual SBP: β = 0.15, 95% CI: -0.81, 1.11; twins-as-individual DBP: β = 0.22, 95% CI: -0.34, 0.77). We found little evidence to indicate that the within-between models improved on the twins-as-individuals models. Birthweight was associated with childhood anthropometric measures, but not blood pressure, after appropriately adjusting for gestational age. These associations were consistent across the within-between and twins-as-individuals models. After adjusting for gestational age, results from the twins-as-individuals models are consistent with singleton studies, so these results can be applied to the general population.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S2040174421000465DOI Listing
August 2021

Nanocomplexes of curcumin and glycated bovine serum albumin: The formation mechanism and effect of glycation on their physicochemical properties.

Authors:
Jing-Jing Fu Cong Sun Zhi-Feng Tan Guang-Yao Zhang Gui-Bing Chen Liang Song

Food Chem 2022 Jan 26;368:130651. Epub 2021 Jul 26.

School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, No. 1 Qinggongyuan, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116034, PR China; National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, No. 1 Qinggongyuan, Ganjingzi District, Dalian, 116034, PR China. Electronic address:

Bovine serum albumin (BSA) and BSA-glucose conjugates (GBSAⅠ and GBSAⅠI) with different extent of glycation were complexed with curcumin (CUR). The formation mechanism of BSA/GBSA-CUR complexes and the effect of glycation on their physicochemical properties were investigated. Fluorescence quenching and FTIR analysis indicated that the BSA/GBSA-CUR nanocomplexes were formed mainly by hydrophobic interactions. XRD analysis demonstrated that CUR was present in an amorphous state in the nanocomplexes. BSA with a greater extent of glycation (BSA < GBSAⅠ
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130651DOI Listing
January 2022

Single-direction diffusion-weighted imaging may be a simple complementary sequence for evaluating fetal corpus callosum.

Authors:
Cong Sun Xinjuan Zhang Xin Chen Tianjia Zhu Yufan Chen Jinxia Zhu Hao Huang Guangbin Wang

Eur Radiol 2022 Feb 30;32(2):1135-1143. Epub 2021 Jul 30.

Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.

Objectives: To explore the feasibility of single-direction diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) for assessing the fetal corpus callosum (CC).

Methods: This prospective study included 67 fetuses with normal CC and 35 fetuses suspected with agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC). The MR protocols included HASTE, TrueFISP, and single-direction DWI. Two radiologists independently evaluated the optimal visibility and the contrast ratio (CR) of the normal fetal CC. The Chi-squared test or Fisher's exact test was used to compare the proportions of "good" visibility (score ≥ 3, and the CC was almost/entirely visible) between single-direction DWI and HASTE/TrueFISP. The CR difference between single-direction DWI and HASTE/TrueFISP was detected using the paired t-test. The diagnostic accuracies were determined by comparison with postnatal imaging. In fetuses suspected of ACC, we measured and compared the length and area of the mid-sagittal CC in the single-direction DWI images.

Results: The proportion of "good" visibility in single-direction DWI was higher than that in HASTE/TrueFISP, with p < 0.0001. The mean CR from single-direction DWI was also higher than that of TrueFISP and HASTE (both with p < 0.0001). The diagnostic accuracy of the single-direction DWI combined with HASTE/TrueFisp (97.1%, 34/35) was higher than that of the Haste/TrueFISP (74.3%, 26/35) (p = 0.013). The length and area of the PACC (p < 0.001, p = 0.001, respectively) and HCC (p < 0.001, p = 0.018, respectively) groups were significantly lower than those of the normal group.

Conclusions: The single-direction DWI is feasible in displaying fetal CC and can be a complementary sequence in diagnosing ACC.

Key Points: • We suggest a simple method for the display of the fetal CC. • The optimal visibility and contrast ratio from single-direction DWI were higher than those from HASTE and TrueFISP. • The diagnostic accuracy of the single-direction DWI combined with HASTE/TrueFISP sequences (97.1%, 34/35) was higher than that of the Haste/TrueFISP (74.3%, 26/35).
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00330-021-08176-2DOI Listing
February 2022

Adiponectin up-regulates the decrease of myocardial autophagic flux induced by β -adrenergic receptor autoantibody partly dependent on AMPK.

Authors:
Cong Sun Jiebei Lu Yaolin Long Shuai Guo Weiwei Jia Na Ning Haihu Hao Xiaohui Wang Yunfei Bian Huirong Liu Li Wang

J Cell Mol Med 2021 09 29;25(17):8464-8478. Epub 2021 Jul 29.

Department of Pathology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.

Cardiomyocytes autophagy is essential for maintaining cardiac function. Our previous studies have found that β -adrenergic receptor autoantibody (β -AA) induced the decreased myocardial autophagic flux, which resulted in cardiomyocyte death and cardiac dysfunction. And other studies demonstrated that β -AA induced the decrease of AMPK phosphorylation, the key hub of autophagy pathway, while adiponectin up-regulated autophagic flux mediated by AMPK. However, it is not clear whether adiponectin improves the inhibition of myocardial autophagic flux induced by β -AA by up-regulating the level of AMPK phosphorylation. In this study, it has been confirmed that β -AA induced the decrease of AMPK phosphorylation level in both vivo and vitro. Moreover, pretreatment of cardiomyocytes with AMPK inhibitor Compound C could further reduce the autophagic flux induced by β -AA. Adiponectin deficiency could aggravate the decrease of myocardial AMPK phosphorylation level, autophagic flux and cardiac function induced by β -AA. Further, exogenous adiponectin could reverse the decline of AMPK phosphorylation level and autophagic flux induced by β -AA and even reduce cardiomyocyte death. While pretreated with the Compound C, the adiponectin treatment did not improve the decreased autophagosome formation, but still improved the decreased autophagosome clearance induced by β -AA in cardiomyocytes. This study is the first time to confirm that β -AA could inhibit myocardial autophagic flux by down-regulating AMPK phosphorylation level. Adiponectin could improve the inhibition of myocardial autophagic flux induced by β -AA partly dependent on AMPK, so as to provide an experimental basis for the treatment of patients with β -AA-positive cardiac dysfunction.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcmm.16807DOI Listing
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8419161PMC
September 2021

Marinomonas vulgaris sp. nov., a marine bacterium isolated from seawater in a coastal intertidal zone of Zhoushan island.

Authors:
Jun-Jie Ying Yuan-Chun Fang Yong-Lian Ye Zhi-Cheng Wu Lin Xu Bing-Nan Han Cong Sun

Arch Microbiol 2021 Oct 28;203(8):5133-5139. Epub 2021 Jul 28.

College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China.

A Marinomonas-like, Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic and rod to ovoid-shaped bacterium, designated as strain A79, was isolated from the seawater mixtures of oyster shells and brown algae in a coastal intertidal zone of Zhoushan, China. The strain was positive for oxidase and catalase. Colonies grown on marine agar for 48 h were round, milky white, smooth and moist with the diameter of 2-3 mm. Growth was observed at 15-30 °C (optimum, 25℃), pH 5.5-9.5 (optimum, pH 8.5) and with 0.5-8% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2-2.5%). The G + C content based on the genome sequence was 46.0%. The only respiratory quinone was Q-8. The main polar lipids contained phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, unidentified glycolipids, unidentified phospholipid and three unidentified lipids. The major fatty acids (> 10%) were C, Summed feature 3 (comprising C ω6c and/or C ω7c) and summed feature 8 (comprising C ω6c and/or C ω7c). The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain A79 and Marinomonas pollencensis IVIA-Po-185 was 97.4%, the similarities with other type strains of the genus Marinomonas were 93.8-96.7%. Based on the results, Marinomonas vulgaris sp. nov. was proposed as a novel species. The type strain is A79 (= MCCC 1K05799 = KCTC 82519 = JCM 34473).
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00203-021-02500-6DOI Listing
October 2021

Backyard benefits? A cross-sectional study of yard size and greenness and children's physical activity and outdoor play.

Authors:
Jessica Oakley Rachel L Peters Melissa Wake Anneke C Grobler Jessica A Kerr Kate Lycett Raisa Cassim Melissa Russell Cong Sun Mimi L K Tang Jennifer J Koplin Suzanne Mavoa

BMC Public Health 2021 07 15;21(1):1402. Epub 2021 Jul 15.

Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.

Background: The home environment is the most important location in young children's lives, yet few studies have examined the relationship between the outdoor home environment and child physical activity levels, and even fewer have used objectively measured exposures and outcomes. This study examined relationships between objectively assessed home yard size and greenness, and child physical activity and outdoor play.

Methods: Data were drawn from the HealthNuts study, a longitudinal study of 5276 children in Melbourne, Australia. We used cross-sectional data from a sample at Wave 3 (2013-2016) when participants were aged 6 years (n = 1648). A sub-sample of 391 children had valid accelerometer data collected from Tri-axial GENEActive accelerometers worn on their non-dominant wrist for 8 consecutive days. Yard area and greenness were calculated using geographic information systems. Objective outcome measures were minutes/day in sedentary, light, and moderate-vigorous physical activity (weekday and weekend separately). Parent-reported outcome measures were minutes/day playing outdoors (weekend and weekday combined). Multi-level regression models (adjusted for child's sex, mother's age at the birth of child, neighbourhood socioeconomic index, maternal education, and maternal ethnicity) estimated effects of yard size and greenness on physical activity.

Results: Data were available on outdoor play for 1648 children and usable accelerometer data for 391. Associations between yard size/greenness and components of physical activity were minimal. For example, during weekdays, yard size was not associated with daily minutes in sedentary behaviour (β: 2.4, 95% CI: - 6.2, 11.0), light physical activity (β: 1.4, 95% CI: - 5.7, 8.5) or MVPA (β: -2.4, 95% CI: - 6.5, 1.7), with similar patterns at weekends. There was no relationship between median annual yard greenness and physical activity or play.

Conclusion: In our study of young children residing in higher socio-economic areas of Melbourne yard characteristics did not appear to have a major impact on children's physical activity. Larger studies with greater variation in yard characteristics and identification of activity location are needed to better understand the importance of home outdoor spaces and guide sustainable city planning.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-11475-4DOI Listing
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8283889PMC
July 2021

Neuroprotective effects of four different fluids on cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion injury in rats through stabilization of the blood-brain barrier.

Authors:
Reai Shan Hongyan Zhou Xinfang Liu Guangjun Su Guangsen Liu Xiaoli Zhang Cong Sun Zining Yu Lifang Zhan Zhihua Huang

Eur J Neurosci 2021 08 26;54(4):5586-5600. Epub 2021 Jul 26.

Key Laboratory of Prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China.

Protecting the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a potential strategy to treat cerebral ischaemic injury. We previously reported that hypertonic sodium chloride hydroxyethyl starch 40 (HSH) treatment alleviates brain injury induced by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO). However, other fluids, including 20% mannitol (MN), 3% hypertonic sodium chloride (HTS) and hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 solution (HES), have the same effect as HSH in cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion injury (CI/RI) remains unclear. The present study evaluated the protective effects of these four fluids on the BBB in tMCAO rats. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly assigned to six groups. A CI/RI rat model was established by tMCAO for 120 min followed by 24 h of reperfusion. The sham and tMCAO groups were treated with normal saline (NS), whereas the other four groups were treated with the four fluids. After 24 h of reperfusion, neurological function, brain oedema, brain infarction volume, permeability of the BBB, cortical neuron loss and protein and mRNA expression were assessed. The four fluids (especially HSH) alleviated neurological deficits and decreased the infarction volume, brain oedema, BBB permeability and cortical neuron loss induced by tMCAO. The expression levels of GFAP, IL-1β, TNF-α, MMP-9, MMP-3, AQP4, MMP-9, PDGFR-β and RGS5 were decreased, whereas the expression levels of laminin and claudin-5 were increased. These data suggested that small-volume reperfusion using HSH, HES, MN and HTS ameliorated CI/RI, probably by attenuating BBB disruption and postischaemic inflammation, with HSH exerting the strongest neuroprotective effect.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ejn.15385DOI Listing
August 2021
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