Publications by authors named "Adriana I Iglesias"

22 Publications

  • Page 1 of 1

Multi-trait genome-wide association study identifies new loci associated with optic disc parameters.

Authors:
Pieter W M Bonnemaijer Elisabeth M van Leeuwen Adriana I Iglesias Puya Gharahkhani Veronique Vitart Anthony P Khawaja Mark Simcoe René Höhn Angela J Cree Rob P Igo Aslihan Gerhold-Ay Stefan Nickels James F Wilson Caroline Hayward Thibaud S Boutin Ozren Polašek Tin Aung Chiea Chuen Khor Najaf Amin Andrew J Lotery Janey L Wiggs Ching-Yu Cheng Pirro G Hysi Christopher J Hammond Alberta A H J Thiadens Stuart MacGregor Caroline C W Klaver

Commun Biol 2019 27;2:435. Epub 2019 Nov 27.

1Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

A new avenue of mining published genome-wide association studies includes the joint analysis of related traits. The power of this approach depends on the genetic correlation of traits, which reflects the number of pleiotropic loci, i.e. genetic loci influencing multiple traits. Here, we applied new meta-analyses of optic nerve head (ONH) related traits implicated in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG); intraocular pressure and central corneal thickness using Haplotype reference consortium imputations. We performed a multi-trait analysis of ONH parameters cup area, disc area and vertical cup-disc ratio. We uncover new variants; rs11158547 in and rs1028727 near at genome-wide significance that replicate in independent Asian cohorts imputed to 1000 Genomes. At this point, validation of these variants in POAG cohorts is hampered by the high degree of heterogeneity. Our results show that multi-trait analysis is a valid approach to identify novel pleiotropic variants for ONH.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s42003-019-0634-9DOI Listing
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6881308PMC
July 2020

Determining Possible Shared Genetic Architecture Between Myopia and Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma.

Authors:
Adriana I Iglesias Jue Sheng Ong Anthony P Khawaja Puya Gharahkhani Milly S Tedja Virginie J M Verhoeven Pieter W M Bonnemaijer Roger C W Wolfs Terri L Young Nomdo M Jansonius Jamie E Craig Dwight Stambolian Cornelia M van Duijn Stuart MacGregor Caroline C W Klaver

Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019 07;60(8):3142-3149

Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

Purpose: To determine genetic correlations between common myopia and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).

Methods: We tested the association of myopia polygenic risk scores (PRSs) with POAG and POAG endophenotypes using two studies: the Australian & New Zealand Registry of Advanced Glaucoma (ANZRAG) study comprising 798 POAG cases with 1992 controls, and the Rotterdam Study (RS), a population-based study with 11,097 participants, in which intraocular pressure (IOP) and optic disc parameter measurements were catalogued. PRSs were derived from genome-wide association study meta-analyses conducted by the Consortium for Refractive Error and Myopia (CREAM) and 23andMe. In total, 12 PRSs were constructed and tested. Further, we explored the genetic correlation between myopia, POAG, and POAG endophenotypes by using the linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) method.

Results: We did not find significant evidence for an association between PRS of myopia with POAG (P = 0.81), IOP (P = 0.07), vertical cup-disc ratio (P = 0.42), or cup area (P = 0.25). We observed a nominal association with retinal nerve fiber layer (P = 7.7 × 10-3) and a significant association between PRS for myopia and disc area (P = 1.59 × 10-9). Using the LDSC method, we found a genetic correlation only between myopia and disc area (genetic correlation [RhoG] = -0.12, P = 1.8 × 10-3), supporting the findings of the PRS approach.

Conclusions: Using two complementary approaches we found no evidence to support a genetic overlap between myopia and POAG; our results suggest that the comorbidity of these diseases is not influenced by common variants. The association between myopia and optic disc size is well known and validates this methodology.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/iovs.18-26231DOI Listing
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6645704PMC
July 2019

Genetic Correlations Between Diabetes and Glaucoma: An Analysis of Continuous and Dichotomous Phenotypes.

Authors:
Vincent Laville Jae H Kang Clara C Cousins Adriana I Iglesias Réka Nagy Jessica N Cooke Bailey Robert P Igo Yeunjoo E Song Daniel I Chasman William G Christen Peter Kraft Bernard A Rosner Frank Hu James F Wilson Puya Gharahkhani Alex W Hewitt David A Mackey Pirro G Hysi Christopher J Hammond Cornelia M vanDuijn Jonathan L Haines Veronique Vitart John H Fingert Michael A Hauser Hugues Aschard Janey L Wiggs Anthony P Khawaja Stuart MacGregor Louis R Pasquale

Am J Ophthalmol 2019 10 20;206:245-255. Epub 2019 May 20.

Channing Division of Network Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA. Electronic address:

Purpose: A genetic correlation is the proportion of phenotypic variance between traits that is shared on a genetic basis. Here we explore genetic correlations between diabetes- and glaucoma-related traits.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Methods: We assembled genome-wide association study summary statistics from European-derived participants regarding diabetes-related traits like fasting blood sugar (FBS) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) and glaucoma-related traits (intraocular pressure [IOP], central corneal thickness [CCT], corneal hysteresis [CH], corneal resistance factor [CRF], cup-to-disc ratio [CDR], and primary open-angle glaucoma [POAG]). We included data from the National Eye Institute Glaucoma Human Genetics Collaboration Heritable Overall Operational Database, the UK Biobank, and the International Glaucoma Genetics Consortium. We calculated genetic correlation (r) between traits using linkage disequilibrium score regression. We also calculated genetic correlations between IOP, CCT, and select diabetes-related traits based on individual level phenotype data in 2 Northern European population-based samples using pedigree information and Sequential Oligogenic Linkage Analysis Routines.

Results: Overall, there was little r between diabetes- and glaucoma-related traits. Specifically, we found a nonsignificant negative correlation between T2D and POAG (r = -0.14; P = .16). Using Sequential Oligogenic Linkage Analysis Routines, the genetic correlations between measured IOP, CCT, FBS, fasting insulin, and hemoglobin A1c were null. In contrast, genetic correlations between IOP and POAG (r ≥ 0.45; P ≤ 3.0 × 10) and between CDR and POAG were high (r = 0.57; P = 2.8 × 10). However, genetic correlations between corneal properties (CCT, CRF, and CH) and POAG were low (r range -0.18 to 0.11) and nonsignificant (P ≥ .07).

Conclusion: These analyses suggest that there is limited genetic correlation between diabetes- and glaucoma-related traits.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajo.2019.05.015DOI Listing
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6864262PMC
October 2019

Interaction between lifestyle and genetic susceptibility in myopia: the Generation R study.

Authors:
Clair A Enthoven Jan Willem Lodewijk Tideman Jan Roelof Polling Milly S Tedja Hein Raat Adriana I Iglesias Virginie J M Verhoeven Caroline C W Klaver

Eur J Epidemiol 2019 Aug 3;34(8):777-784. Epub 2019 Apr 3.

Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Room Na-2808, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

Myopia is a refractive error of the eye caused by a complex interplay between nature and nurture. The aim of this study was to investigate whether environmental risk factors can influence the genetic effect in children developing myopia. A total of 3422 children participating in the birth-cohort study Generation R underwent an extensive eye examination at 9 years with measurements of refractive error and axial length corneal radius ratio (AL/CR). Environmental risk factors were evaluated using a questionnaire, and environmental risk scores (ERS) were calculated using backward regression analyses. Genetic risk scores (GRS) were calculated based on all currently known risk variants for myopia. Gene-environment interaction (G×E) was investigated using linear and logistic regression analyses. The predictive value of G×E and parental myopia was estimated using receiver operating characteristic curves. Myopia prevalence was 12%. Both GRS (P < 0.01) and ERS (P < 0.01) were significantly associated with myopia and AL/CR, as was G×E interaction (P < 0.01 for myopia; P = 0.07 for AL/CR). The predictive value of parental myopia was 0.67 (95% CI 0.65-0.70), similar to the values of GRS (0.67; 95% CI 0.64-0.70; P = 0.98) and ERS (0.69; 95% CI 0.66-0.72; P = 0.98). Adding G×E interaction significantly improved the predictive value to 0.73 (95% CI 0.70-0.75; P < 0.01). This study provides evidence that nature and nurture are equally important for myopia and AL/CR; however, the combination has the strongest influence. Since myopia genes are common in the population, adjustment of lifestyle should be a major focus in the prevention of myopia.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10654-019-00512-7DOI Listing
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6602996PMC
August 2019

Author Correction: Cross-ancestry genome-wide association analysis of corneal thickness strengthens link between complex and Mendelian eye diseases.

Authors:
Adriana I Iglesias Aniket Mishra Veronique Vitart Yelena Bykhovskaya René Höhn Henriët Springelkamp Gabriel Cuellar-Partida Puya Gharahkhani Jessica N Cooke Bailey Colin E Willoughby Xiaohui Li Seyhan Yazar Abhishek Nag Anthony P Khawaja Ozren Polašek David Siscovick Paul Mitchell Yih Chung Tham Jonathan L Haines Lisa S Kearns Caroline Hayward Yuan Shi Elisabeth M van Leeuwen Kent D Taylor Pieter Bonnemaijer Jerome I Rotter Nicholas G Martin Tanja Zeller Richard A Mills

Nat Commun 2019 01 8;10(1):155. Epub 2019 Jan 8.

Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia.

Emmanuelle Souzeau, who contributed to analysis of data, was inadvertently omitted from the author list in the originally published version of this Article. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-07819-1DOI Listing
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6325104PMC
January 2019

Genome-wide association study of primary open-angle glaucoma in continental and admixed African populations.

Authors:
Pieter W M Bonnemaijer Adriana I Iglesias Girish N Nadkarni Anna J Sanyiwa Hassan G Hassan Colin Cook Mark Simcoe Kent D Taylor Claudia Schurmann Gillian M Belbin Eimear E Kenny Erwin P Bottinger Suzanne van de Laar Susan E I Wiliams Stephen K Akafo Adeyinka O Ashaye Linda M Zangwill Christopher A Girkin Maggie C Y Ng Jerome I Rotter Robert N Weinreb Zheng Li R Rand Allingham Abhishek Nag Pirro G Hysi Magda A Meester-Smoor Janey L Wiggs

Hum Genet 2018 Oct 13;137(10):847-862. Epub 2018 Oct 13.

Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) is a complex disease with a major genetic contribution. Its prevalence varies greatly among ethnic groups, and is up to five times more frequent in black African populations compared to Europeans. So far, worldwide efforts to elucidate the genetic complexity of POAG in African populations has been limited. We conducted a genome-wide association study in 1113 POAG cases and 1826 controls from Tanzanian, South African and African American study samples. Apart from confirming evidence of association at TXNRD2 (rs16984299; OR 1.20; P = 0.003), we found that a genetic risk score combining the effects of the 15 previously reported POAG loci was significantly associated with POAG in our samples (OR 1.56; 95% CI 1.26-1.93; P = 4.79 × 10). By genome-wide association testing we identified a novel candidate locus, rs141186647, harboring EXOC4 (OR 0.48; P = 3.75 × 10), a gene transcribing a component of the exocyst complex involved in vesicle transport. The low frequency and high degree of genetic heterogeneity at this region hampered validation of this finding in predominantly West-African replication sets. Our results suggest that established genetic risk factors play a role in African POAG, however, they do not explain the higher disease load. The high heterogeneity within Africans remains a challenge to identify the genetic commonalities for POAG in this ethnicity, and demands studies of extremely large size.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00439-018-1943-7DOI Listing
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6754628PMC
October 2018

Genome-wide association meta-analysis highlights light-induced signaling as a driver for refractive error.

Authors:
Milly S Tedja Robert Wojciechowski Pirro G Hysi Nicholas Eriksson Nicholas A Furlotte Virginie J M Verhoeven Adriana I Iglesias Magda A Meester-Smoor Stuart W Tompson Qiao Fan Anthony P Khawaja Ching-Yu Cheng René Höhn Kenji Yamashiro Adam Wenocur Clare Grazal Toomas Haller Andres Metspalu Juho Wedenoja Jost B Jonas Ya Xing Wang Jing Xie Paul Mitchell Paul J Foster Barbara E K Klein Ronald Klein Andrew D Paterson S Mohsen Hosseini Rupal L Shah Cathy Williams

Nat Genet 2018 06 28;50(6):834-848. Epub 2018 May 28.

Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK.

Refractive errors, including myopia, are the most frequent eye disorders worldwide and an increasingly common cause of blindness. This genome-wide association meta-analysis in 160,420 participants and replication in 95,505 participants increased the number of established independent signals from 37 to 161 and showed high genetic correlation between Europeans and Asians (>0.78). Expression experiments and comprehensive in silico analyses identified retinal cell physiology and light processing as prominent mechanisms, and also identified functional contributions to refractive-error development in all cell types of the neurosensory retina, retinal pigment epithelium, vascular endothelium and extracellular matrix. Newly identified genes implicate novel mechanisms such as rod-and-cone bipolar synaptic neurotransmission, anterior-segment morphology and angiogenesis. Thirty-one loci resided in or near regions transcribing small RNAs, thus suggesting a role for post-transcriptional regulation. Our results support the notion that refractive errors are caused by a light-dependent retina-to-sclera signaling cascade and delineate potential pathobiological molecular drivers.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41588-018-0127-7DOI Listing
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5980758PMC
June 2018

Cross-ancestry genome-wide association analysis of corneal thickness strengthens link between complex and Mendelian eye diseases.

Authors:
Adriana I Iglesias Aniket Mishra Veronique Vitart Yelena Bykhovskaya René Höhn Henriët Springelkamp Gabriel Cuellar-Partida Puya Gharahkhani Jessica N Cooke Bailey Colin E Willoughby Xiaohui Li Seyhan Yazar Abhishek Nag Anthony P Khawaja Ozren Polašek David Siscovick Paul Mitchell Yih Chung Tham Jonathan L Haines Lisa S Kearns Caroline Hayward Yuan Shi Elisabeth M van Leeuwen Kent D Taylor Pieter Bonnemaijer Jerome I Rotter Nicholas G Martin Tanja Zeller Richard A Mills

Nat Commun 2018 05 14;9(1):1864. Epub 2018 May 14.

Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, SA 5042, Adelaide, Australia.

Central corneal thickness (CCT) is a highly heritable trait associated with complex eye diseases such as keratoconus and glaucoma. We perform a genome-wide association meta-analysis of CCT and identify 19 novel regions. In addition to adding support for known connective tissue-related pathways, pathway analyses uncover previously unreported gene sets. Remarkably, >20% of the CCT-loci are near or within Mendelian disorder genes. These included FBN1, ADAMTS2 and TGFB2 which associate with connective tissue disorders (Marfan, Ehlers-Danlos and Loeys-Dietz syndromes), and the LUM-DCN-KERA gene complex involved in myopia, corneal dystrophies and cornea plana. Using index CCT-increasing variants, we find a significant inverse correlation in effect sizes between CCT and keratoconus (r = -0.62, P = 5.30 × 10) but not between CCT and primary open-angle glaucoma (r = -0.17, P = 0.2). Our findings provide evidence for shared genetic influences between CCT and keratoconus, and implicate candidate genes acting in collagen and extracellular matrix regulation.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-03646-6DOI Listing
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5951816PMC
May 2018

A combined linkage, microarray and exome analysis suggests MAP3K11 as a candidate gene for left ventricular hypertrophy.

Authors:
Claudia Tamar Silva Irina V Zorkoltseva Maartje N Niemeijer Marten E van den Berg Najaf Amin Ayşe Demirkan Elisa van Leeuwen Adriana I Iglesias Laura B Piñeros-Hernández Carlos M Restrepo Jan A Kors Anatoly V Kirichenko Rob Willemsen Ben A Oostra Bruno H Stricker André G Uitterlinden Tatiana I Axenovich Cornelia M van Duijn Aaron Isaacs

BMC Med Genomics 2018 03 5;11(1):22. Epub 2018 Mar 5.

Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.

Background: Electrocardiographic measures of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) are used as predictors of cardiovascular risk. We combined linkage and association analyses to discover novel rare genetic variants involved in three such measures and two principal components derived from them.

Methods: The study was conducted among participants from the Erasmus Rucphen Family Study (ERF), a Dutch family-based sample from the southwestern Netherlands. Variance components linkage analyses were performed using Merlin. Regions of interest (LOD > 1.9) were fine-mapped using microarray and exome sequence data.

Results: We observed one significant LOD score for the second principal component on chromosome 15 (LOD score = 3.01) and 12 suggestive LOD scores. Several loci contained variants identified in GWAS for these traits; however, these did not explain the linkage peaks, nor did other common variants. Exome sequence data identified two associated variants after multiple testing corrections were applied.

Conclusions: We did not find common SNPs explaining these linkage signals. Exome sequencing uncovered a relatively rare variant in MAPK3K11 on chromosome 11 (MAF = 0.01) that helped account for the suggestive linkage peak observed for the first principal component. Conditional analysis revealed a drop in LOD from 2.01 to 0.88 for MAP3K11, suggesting that this variant may partially explain the linkage signal at this chromosomal location. MAP3K11 is related to the JNK pathway and is a pro-apoptotic kinase that plays an important role in the induction of cardiomyocyte apoptosis in various pathologies, including LVH.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12920-018-0339-9DOI Listing
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5838853PMC
March 2018

A Genome-Wide Scan for MicroRNA-Related Genetic Variants Associated With Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma.

Authors:
Mohsen Ghanbari Adriana I Iglesias Henriët Springelkamp Cornelia M van Duijn M Arfan Ikram Abbas Dehghan Stefan J Erkeland Caroline C W Klaver Magda A Meester-Smoor

Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017 10;58(12):5368-5377

Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

Purpose: To identify microRNAs (miRNAs) involved in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), using genetic data. MiRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that posttranscriptionally regulate gene expression. Genetic variants in miRNAs or miRNA-binding sites within gene 3'-untranslated regions (3'UTRs) are expected to affect miRNA function and contribute to disease risk.

Methods: Data from the recent genome-wide association studies on intraocular pressure, vertical cup-to-disc ratio (VCDR), cupa area and disc area were used to investigate the association of miRNAs with POAG endophenotypes. Putative targets of the associated miRNAs were studied according to their association with POAG and tested in cell line by transfection experiments for regulation by the miRNAs.

Results: Of 411 miRNA variants, rs12803915:A/G in the terminal loop of pre-miR-612 and rs2273626:A/C in the seed sequence of miR-4707 were significantly associated with VCDR and cup area (P values < 1.2 × 10-4). The first variant is demonstrated to increase the miR-612 expression. We showed that the second variant does not affect the miR-4707 biogenesis, but reduces the binding of miR-4707-3p to CARD10, a gene known to be involved in glaucoma. Moreover, of 72,052 miRNA-binding-site variants, 47 were significantly associated with four POAG endophenotypes (P value < 6.9 × 10-6). Of these, we highlighted 10 variants that are more likely to affect miRNA-mediated gene regulation in POAG. These include rs3217992 and rs1063192, which have been shown experimentally to affect miR-138-3p- and miR-323b-5p-mediated regulation of CDKN2B.

Conclusions: We identified a number of miRNAs that are associated with POAG endophenotypes. The identified miRNAs and their target genes are candidates for future studies on miRNA-related therapies for POAG.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/iovs.17-22410DOI Listing
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6110129PMC
October 2017

Genetic correlations between intraocular pressure, blood pressure and primary open-angle glaucoma: a multi-cohort analysis.

Authors:
Hugues Aschard Jae H Kang Adriana I Iglesias Pirro Hysi Jessica N Cooke Bailey Anthony P Khawaja R Rand Allingham Allison Ashley-Koch Richard K Lee Sayoko E Moroi Murray H Brilliant Gadi Wollstein Joel S Schuman John H Fingert Donald L Budenz Tony Realini Terry Gaasterland William K Scott Kuldev Singh Arthur J Sit Robert P Igo Yeunjoo E Song Lisa Hark Robert Ritch Douglas J Rhee Vikas Gulati Shane Haven Douglas Vollrath Donald J Zack Felipe Medeiros

Eur J Hum Genet 2017 11 30;25(11):1261-1267. Epub 2017 Aug 30.

Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Center, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.

Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is the most common chronic optic neuropathy worldwide. Epidemiological studies show a robust positive relation between intraocular pressure (IOP) and POAG and modest positive association between IOP and blood pressure (BP), while the relation between BP and POAG is controversial. The International Glaucoma Genetics Consortium (n=27 558), the International Consortium on Blood Pressure (n=69 395), and the National Eye Institute Glaucoma Human Genetics Collaboration Heritable Overall Operational Database (n=37 333), represent genome-wide data sets for IOP, BP traits and POAG, respectively. We formed genome-wide significant variant panels for IOP and diastolic BP and found a strong relation with POAG (odds ratio and 95% confidence interval: 1.18 (1.14-1.21), P=1.8 × 10) for the former trait but no association for the latter (P=0.93). Next, we used linkage disequilibrium (LD) score regression, to provide genome-wide estimates of correlation between traits without the need for additional phenotyping. We also compared our genome-wide estimate of heritability between IOP and BP to an estimate based solely on direct measures of these traits in the Erasmus Rucphen Family (ERF; n=2519) study using Sequential Oligogenic Linkage Analysis Routines (SOLAR). LD score regression revealed high genetic correlation between IOP and POAG (48.5%, P=2.1 × 10); however, genetic correlation between IOP and diastolic BP (P=0.86) and between diastolic BP and POAG (P=0.42) were negligible. Using SOLAR in the ERF study, we confirmed the minimal heritability between IOP and diastolic BP (P=0.63). Overall, IOP shares genetic basis with POAG, whereas BP has limited shared genetic correlation with IOP or POAG.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ejhg.2017.136DOI Listing
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5643970PMC
November 2017

Haplotype reference consortium panel: Practical implications of imputations with large reference panels.

Authors:
Adriana I Iglesias Sven J van der Lee Pieter W M Bonnemaijer René Höhn Abhishek Nag Puya Gharahkhani Anthony P Khawaja Linda Broer Paul J Foster Christopher J Hammond Pirro G Hysi Elisabeth M van Leeuwen Stuart MacGregor David A Mackey Johanna Mazur Stefan Nickels André G Uitterlinden Caroline C W Klaver Najaf Amin Cornelia M van Duijn

Hum Mutat 2017 08 9;38(8):1025-1032. Epub 2017 Jun 9.

Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.

Recently, the Haplotype Reference Consortium (HRC) released a large imputation panel that allows more accurate imputation of genetic variants. In this study, we compared a set of directly assayed common and rare variants from an exome array to imputed genotypes, that is, 1000 genomes project (1000GP) and HRC. We showed that imputation using the HRC panel improved the concordance between assayed and imputed genotypes at common, and especially, low-frequency variants. Furthermore, we performed a genome-wide association meta-analysis of vertical cup-disc ratio, a highly heritable endophenotype of glaucoma, in four cohorts using 1000GP and HRC imputations. We compared the results of the meta-analysis using 1000GP to the meta-analysis results using HRC. Overall, we found that using HRC imputation significantly improved P values (P = 3.07 × 10 ), particularly for suggestive variants. Both meta-analyses were performed in the same sample size, yet we found eight genome-wide significant loci in the HRC-based meta-analysis versus seven genome-wide significant loci in the 1000GP-based meta-analysis. This study provides supporting evidence of the new avenues for gene discovery and fine mapping that the HRC imputation panel offers.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/humu.23247DOI Listing
August 2017

New insights into the genetics of primary open-angle glaucoma based on meta-analyses of intraocular pressure and optic disc characteristics.

Authors:
Henriët Springelkamp Adriana I Iglesias Aniket Mishra René Höhn Robert Wojciechowski Anthony P Khawaja Abhishek Nag Ya Xing Wang Jie Jin Wang Gabriel Cuellar-Partida Jane Gibson Jessica N Cooke Bailey Eranga N Vithana Puya Gharahkhani Thibaud Boutin Wishal D Ramdas Tanja Zeller Robert N Luben Ekaterina Yonova-Doing Ananth C Viswanathan Seyhan Yazar Angela J Cree Jonathan L Haines Jia Yu Koh Emmanuelle Souzeau James F Wilson Najaf Amin Christian Müller Cristina Venturini Lisa S Kearns

Hum Mol Genet 2017 01;26(2):438-453

Centre for Eye Research Australia (CERA), University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), the most common optic neuropathy, is a heritable disease. Siblings of POAG cases have a ten-fold increased risk of developing the disease. Intraocular pressure (IOP) and optic nerve head characteristics are used clinically to predict POAG risk. We conducted a genome-wide association meta-analysis of IOP and optic disc parameters and validated our findings in multiple sets of POAG cases and controls. Using imputation to the 1000 genomes (1000G) reference set, we identified 9 new genomic regions associated with vertical cup-disc ratio (VCDR) and 1 new region associated with IOP. Additionally, we found 5 novel loci for optic nerve cup area and 6 for disc area. Previously it was assumed that genetic variation influenced POAG either through IOP or via changes to the optic nerve head; here we present evidence that some genomic regions affect both IOP and the disc parameters. We characterized the effect of the novel loci through pathway analysis and found that pathways involved are not entirely distinct as assumed so far. Further, we identified a novel association between CDKN1A and POAG. Using a zebrafish model we show that six6b (associated with POAG and optic nerve head variation) alters the expression of cdkn1a. In summary, we have identified several novel genes influencing the major clinical risk predictors of POAG and showed that genetic variation in CDKN1A is important in POAG risk.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddw399DOI Listing
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5968632PMC
January 2017

Evaluation of the Myocilin Mutation Gln368Stop Demonstrates Reduced Penetrance for Glaucoma in European Populations.

Authors:
Abhishek Nag Han Lu Matthew Arno Adriana I Iglesias Pieter Bonnemaijer Linda Broer Andre G Uitterlinden Caroline C W Klaver Cornelia van Duijn Pirro G Hysi Christopher J Hammond

Ophthalmology 2017 04 27;124(4):547-553. Epub 2016 Dec 27.

Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Ophthalmology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address:

Purpose: Sequence variations in the myocilin (MYOC) gene account for approximately 2% to 4% of glaucoma cases. One particular MYOC mutation, Gln368Stop (dbSNP accession number: rs74315329), is the most common genetic mutation causing glaucoma by increasing intraocular pressure (IOP). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of this MYOC mutation on IOP using data from large-scale European population panels (directly sequenced and imputation based).

Design: Cross-sectional, cohort study.

Participants: For this study, the penetrance of the variant rs74315329 was estimated in 2 population-based cohorts, the TwinsUK (N = 6092) and the Rotterdam Study (RS) (N =11 189).

Methods: Carriers of the risk allele for rs74315329 were identified using whole-genome sequencing and imputation data (based on 1000 Genomes Project and Haplotype Reference Consortium panels). The penetrance of this variant was evaluated using IOP measurements and data on visual field testing/a diagnosis of glaucoma (if available).

Main Outcome Measures: The penetrance of the variant rs74315329 was estimated from the percentage of the carriers of the risk allele of the variant who had high IOP (ocular hypertension) or glaucoma.

Results: In our study, the observed penetrance of the variant rs74315329 in relation to increased IOP was 12.5% and 19.4% in the TwinsUK and the RS, respectively. Thus, our study suggests a much lower penetrance for rs74315329 for ocular hypertension (and thus glaucoma), in comparison with that reported previously.

Conclusions: The significance of this finding is that higher numbers of healthy individuals in the population are expected to be carriers of this mutation, which in turn reduces the utility of identifying carriers of this mutation as a screening tool for glaucoma.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2016.11.018DOI Listing
April 2017

Associations with intraocular pressure across Europe: The European Eye Epidemiology (E) Consortium.

Authors:
Anthony P Khawaja Henriët Springelkamp Catherine Creuzot-Garcher Cécile Delcourt Albert Hofman René Höhn Adriana I Iglesias Roger C W Wolfs Jean-François Korobelnik Rufino Silva Fotis Topouzis Katie M Williams Alain M Bron Gabriëlle H S Buitendijk Maria da Luz Cachulo Audrey Cougnard-Grégoire Jean-François Dartigues Christopher J Hammond Norbert Pfeiffer Angeliki Salonikiou Cornelia M van Duijn Johannes R Vingerling Robert N Luben Alireza Mirshahi Julia Lamparter Caroline C W Klaver Nomdo M Jansonius Paul J Foster

Eur J Epidemiol 2016 11 9;31(11):1101-1111. Epub 2016 Sep 9.

NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK.

Raised intraocular pressure (IOP) is the most important risk factor for developing glaucoma, the second commonest cause of blindness globally. Understanding associations with IOP and variations in IOP between countries may teach us about mechanisms underlying glaucoma. We examined cross-sectional associations with IOP in 43,500 European adults from 12 cohort studies belonging to the European Eye Epidemiology (E) consortium. Each study conducted multivariable linear regression with IOP as the outcome variable and results were pooled using random effects meta-analysis. The association of standardized study IOP with latitude was tested using meta-regression. Higher IOP was observed in men (0.18 mmHg; 95 % CI 0.06, 0.31; P = 0.004) and with higher body mass index (0.21 mmHg per 5 kg/m; 95 % CI 0.14, 0.28; P < 0.001), shorter height (-0.17 mmHg per 10 cm; 95 % CI -0.25, -0.08; P < 0.001), higher systolic blood pressure (0.17 mmHg per 10 mmHg; 95 % CI 0.12, 0.22; P < 0.001) and more myopic refraction (0.06 mmHg per Dioptre; 95 % CI 0.03, 0.09; P < 0.001). An inverted U-shaped trend was observed between age and IOP, with IOP increasing up to the age of 60 and decreasing in participants older than 70 years. We found no significant association between standardized IOP and study location latitude (P = 0.76). Novel findings of our study include the association of lower IOP in taller people and an inverted-U shaped association of IOP with age. We found no evidence of significant variation in IOP across Europe. Despite the limited range of latitude amongst included studies, this finding is in favour of collaborative pooling of data from studies examining environmental and genetic determinants of IOP in Europeans.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10654-016-0191-1DOI Listing
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5206267PMC
November 2016

WNT10A exonic variant increases the risk of keratoconus by decreasing corneal thickness.

Authors:
Gabriel Cuellar-Partida Henriët Springelkamp Sionne E M Lucas Seyhan Yazar Alex W Hewitt Adriana I Iglesias Grant W Montgomery Nicholas G Martin Craig E Pennell Elisabeth M van Leeuwen Virginie J M Verhoeven Albert Hofman André G Uitterlinden Wishal D Ramdas Roger C W Wolfs Johannes R Vingerling Matthew A Brown Richard A Mills Jamie E Craig Caroline C W Klaver Cornelia M van Duijn Kathryn P Burdon Stuart MacGregor David A Mackey

Hum Mol Genet 2015 Sep 5;24(17):5060-8. Epub 2015 Jun 5.

Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Lions Eye Institute, University of Western Australia.

Keratoconus is a degenerative eye condition which results from thinning of the cornea and causes vision distortion. Treatments such as ultraviolet (UV) cross-linking have proved effective for management of keratoconus when performed in early stages of the disease. The central corneal thickness (CCT) is a highly heritable endophenotype of keratoconus, and it is estimated that up to 95% of its phenotypic variance is due to genetics. Genome-wide association efforts of CCT have identified common variants (i.e. minor allele frequency (MAF) >5%). However, these studies typically ignore the large set of exonic variants whose MAF is usually low. In this study, we performed a CCT exome-wide association analysis in a sample of 1029 individuals from a population-based study in Western Australia. We identified a genome-wide significant exonic variant rs121908120 (P = 6.63 × 10(-10)) in WNT10A. This gene is 437 kb from a gene previously associated with CCT (USP37). We showed in a conditional analysis that the WNT10A variant completely accounts for the signal previously seen at USP37. We replicated our finding in independent samples from the Brisbane Adolescent Twin Study, Twin Eye Study in Tasmania and the Rotterdam Study. Further, we genotyped rs121908120 in 621 keratoconus cases and compared the frequency to a sample of 1680 unscreened controls from the Queensland Twin Registry. We found that rs121908120 increases the risk of keratoconus two times (odds ratio 2.03, P = 5.41 × 10(-5)).
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddv211DOI Listing
September 2015

ARHGEF12 influences the risk of glaucoma by increasing intraocular pressure.

Authors:
Henriët Springelkamp Adriana I Iglesias Gabriel Cuellar-Partida Najaf Amin Kathryn P Burdon Elisabeth M van Leeuwen Puya Gharahkhani Aniket Mishra Sven J van der Lee Alex W Hewitt Fernando Rivadeneira Ananth C Viswanathan Roger C W Wolfs Nicholas G Martin Wishal D Ramdas Leonieke M van Koolwijk Craig E Pennell Johannes R Vingerling Jenny E Mountain André G Uitterlinden Albert Hofman Paul Mitchell Hans G Lemij Jie Jin Wang Caroline C W Klaver David A Mackey Jamie E Craig Cornelia M van Duijn Stuart MacGregor

Hum Mol Genet 2015 May 30;24(9):2689-99. Epub 2015 Jan 30.

Statistical and

Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a blinding disease. Two important risk factors for this disease are a positive family history and elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), which is also highly heritable. Genes found to date associated with IOP and POAG are ABCA1, CAV1/CAV2, GAS7 and TMCO1. However, these genes explain only a small part of the heritability of IOP and POAG. We performed a genome-wide association study of IOP in the population-based Rotterdam Study I and Rotterdam Study II using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) imputed to 1000 Genomes. In this discovery cohort (n = 8105), we identified a new locus associated with IOP. The most significantly associated SNP was rs58073046 (β = 0.44, P-value = 1.87 × 10(-8), minor allele frequency = 0.12), within the gene ARHGEF12. Independent replication in five population-based studies (n = 7471) resulted in an effect size in the same direction that was significantly associated (β = 0.16, P-value = 0.04). The SNP was also significantly associated with POAG in two independent case-control studies [n = 1225 cases and n = 4117 controls; odds ratio (OR) = 1.53, P-value = 1.99 × 10(-8)], especially with high-tension glaucoma (OR = 1.66, P-value = 2.81 × 10(-9); for normal-tension glaucoma OR = 1.29, P-value = 4.23 × 10(-2)). ARHGEF12 plays an important role in the RhoA/RhoA kinase pathway, which has been implicated in IOP regulation. Furthermore, it binds to ABCA1 and links the ABCA1, CAV1/CAV2 and GAS7 pathway to Mendelian POAG genes (MYOC, OPTN, WDR36). In conclusion, this study identified a novel association between IOP and ARHGEF12.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddv027DOI Listing
May 2015

Meta-analysis of Genome-Wide Association Studies Identifies Novel Loci Associated With Optic Disc Morphology.

Authors:
Henriët Springelkamp Aniket Mishra Pirro G Hysi Puya Gharahkhani René Höhn Chiea-Chuen Khor Jessica N Cooke Bailey Xiaoyan Luo Wishal D Ramdas Eranga Vithana Victor Koh Seyhan Yazar Liang Xu Hannah Forward Lisa S Kearns Najaf Amin Adriana I Iglesias Kar-Seng Sim Elisabeth M van Leeuwen Ayse Demirkan Sven van der Lee Seng-Chee Loon Fernando Rivadeneira Abhishek Nag Paul G Sanfilippo Arne Schillert Paulus T V M de Jong Ben A Oostra André G Uitterlinden Albert Hofman

Genet Epidemiol 2015 Mar 28;39(3):207-16. Epub 2015 Jan 28.

Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.

Primary open-angle glaucoma is the most common optic neuropathy and an important cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. The optic nerve head or optic disc is divided in two parts: a central cup (without nerve fibers) surrounded by the neuroretinal rim (containing axons of the retinal ganglion cells). The International Glaucoma Genetics Consortium conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies consisting of 17,248 individuals of European ancestry and 6,841 individuals of Asian ancestry. The outcomes of the genome-wide association studies were disc area and cup area. These specific measurements describe optic nerve morphology in another way than the vertical cup-disc ratio, which is a clinically used measurement, and may shed light on new glaucoma mechanisms. We identified 10 new loci associated with disc area (CDC42BPA, F5, DIRC3, RARB, ABI3BP, DCAF4L2, ELP4, TMTC2, NR2F2, and HORMAD2) and another 10 new loci associated with cup area (DHRS3, TRIB2, EFEMP1, FLNB, FAM101, DDHD1, ASB7, KPNB1, BCAS3, and TRIOBP). The new genes participate in a number of pathways and future work is likely to identify more functions related to the pathogenesis of glaucoma.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gepi.21886DOI Listing
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4480365PMC
March 2015

Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identifies novel loci that influence cupping and the glaucomatous process.

Authors:
Henriët Springelkamp René Höhn Aniket Mishra Pirro G Hysi Chiea-Chuen Khor Stephanie J Loomis Jessica N Cooke Bailey Jane Gibson Gudmar Thorleifsson Sarah F Janssen Xiaoyan Luo Wishal D Ramdas Eranga Vithana Monisha E Nongpiur Grant W Montgomery Liang Xu Jenny E Mountain Puya Gharahkhani Yi Lu Najaf Amin Lennart C Karssen Kar-Seng Sim Elisabeth M van Leeuwen Adriana I Iglesias Virginie J M Verhoeven Michael A Hauser Seng-Chee Loon Dominiek D G Despriet Abhishek Nag Cristina Venturini

Nat Commun 2014 Sep 22;5:4883. Epub 2014 Sep 22.

1] Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK [2] UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK.

Glaucoma is characterized by irreversible optic nerve degeneration and is the most frequent cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Here, the International Glaucoma Genetics Consortium conducts a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of vertical cup-disc ratio (VCDR), an important disease-related optic nerve parameter. In 21,094 individuals of European ancestry and 6,784 individuals of Asian ancestry, we identify 10 new loci associated with variation in VCDR. In a separate risk-score analysis of five case-control studies, Caucasians in the highest quintile have a 2.5-fold increased risk of primary open-angle glaucoma as compared with those in the lowest quintile. This study has more than doubled the known loci associated with optic disc cupping and will allow greater understanding of mechanisms involved in this common blinding condition.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms5883DOI Listing
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4199103PMC
September 2014

Genome-wide analysis of multi-ancestry cohorts identifies new loci influencing intraocular pressure and susceptibility to glaucoma.

Authors:
Pirro G Hysi Ching-Yu Cheng Henriët Springelkamp Stuart Macgregor Jessica N Cooke Bailey Robert Wojciechowski Veronique Vitart Abhishek Nag Alex W Hewitt René Höhn Cristina Venturini Alireza Mirshahi Wishal D Ramdas Gudmar Thorleifsson Eranga Vithana Chiea-Chuen Khor Arni B Stefansson Jiemin Liao Jonathan L Haines Najaf Amin Ya Xing Wang Philipp S Wild Ayse B Ozel Jun Z Li Brian W Fleck Tanja Zeller Sandra E Staffieri Yik-Ying Teo Gabriel Cuellar-Partida Xiaoyan Luo

Nat Genet 2014 Oct 31;46(10):1126-1130. Epub 2014 Aug 31.

Duke University, Duke Eye Center, Durham, NC, USA.

Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is an important risk factor in developing glaucoma, and variability in IOP might herald glaucomatous development or progression. We report the results of a genome-wide association study meta-analysis of 18 population cohorts from the International Glaucoma Genetics Consortium (IGGC), comprising 35,296 multi-ancestry participants for IOP. We confirm genetic association of known loci for IOP and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and identify four new IOP-associated loci located on chromosome 3q25.31 within the FNDC3B gene (P = 4.19 × 10(-8) for rs6445055), two on chromosome 9 (P = 2.80 × 10(-11) for rs2472493 near ABCA1 and P = 6.39 × 10(-11) for rs8176693 within ABO) and one on chromosome 11p11.2 (best P = 1.04 × 10(-11) for rs747782). Separate meta-analyses of 4 independent POAG cohorts, totaling 4,284 cases and 95,560 controls, showed that 3 of these loci for IOP were also associated with POAG.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng.3087DOI Listing
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4177225PMC
October 2014

Scientific reporting is suboptimal for aspects that characterize genetic risk prediction studies: a review of published articles based on the Genetic RIsk Prediction Studies statement.

Authors:
Adriana I Iglesias Raluca Mihaescu John P A Ioannidis Muin J Khoury Julian Little Cornelia M van Duijn A Cecile J W Janssens

J Clin Epidemiol 2014 May 8;67(5):487-99. Epub 2014 Jan 8.

Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. Electronic address:

Objectives: Our main objective was to raise awareness of the areas that need improvements in the reporting of genetic risk prediction articles for future publications, based on the Genetic RIsk Prediction Studies (GRIPS) statement.

Study Design And Setting: We evaluated studies that developed or validated a prediction model based on multiple DNA variants, using empirical data, and were published in 2010. A data extraction form based on the 25 items of the GRIPS statement was created and piloted.

Results: Forty-two studies met our inclusion criteria. Overall, more than half of the evaluated items (34 of 62) were reported in at least 85% of included articles. Seventy-seven percentage of the articles were identified as genetic risk prediction studies through title assessment, but only 31% used the keywords recommended by GRIPS in the title or abstract. Seventy-four percentage mentioned which allele was the risk variant. Overall, only 10% of the articles reported all essential items needed to perform external validation of the risk model.

Conclusion: Completeness of reporting in genetic risk prediction studies is adequate for general elements of study design but is suboptimal for several aspects that characterize genetic risk prediction studies such as description of the model construction. Improvements in the transparency of reporting of these aspects would facilitate the identification, replication, and application of genetic risk prediction models.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2013.10.006DOI Listing
May 2014

Exome sequencing and functional analyses suggest that SIX6 is a gene involved in an altered proliferation-differentiation balance early in life and optic nerve degeneration at old age.

Authors:
Adriana I Iglesias Henriët Springelkamp Herma van der Linde Lies-Anne Severijnen Najaf Amin Ben Oostra Christel E M Kockx Mirjam C G N van den Hout Wilfred F J van Ijcken Albert Hofman André G Uitterlinden Rob M Verdijk Caroline C W Klaver Rob Willemsen Cornelia M van Duijn

Hum Mol Genet 2014 Mar 22;23(5):1320-32. Epub 2013 Oct 22.

Department of Epidemiology.

Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a hereditary neurodegenerative disease, characterized by optic nerve changes including increased excavation, notching and optic disc hemorrhages. The excavation can be described by the vertical cup-disc ratio (VCDR). Previously, genome-wide significant evidence for the association of rs10483727 in SIX1-SIX6 locus with VCDR and subsequent POAG was found. Using 1000 genomes-based imputation of four independent population-based cohorts in the Netherlands, we identified a missense variant rs33912345 (His141Asn) in SIX6 associated with VCDR (Pmeta = 7.74 × 10(-7), n = 11 473) and POAG (Pmeta = 6.09 × 10(-3), n = 292). Exome sequencing analysis revealed another missense variant rs146737847 (Glu129Lys) also in SIX6 associated with VCDR (P = 5.09 × 10(-3), n = 1208). These two findings point to SIX6 as the responsible gene for the previously reported association signal. Functional characterization of SIX6 in zebrafish revealed that knockdown of six6b led to a small eye phenotype. Histological analysis showed retinal lamination, implying an apparent normal development of the eye, but an underdeveloped lens, and reduced optic nerve diameter. Expression analysis of morphants at 3 dpf showed a 5.5-fold up-regulation of cdkn2b, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, involved in cell cycle regulation and previously associated with VCDR and POAG in genome-wide association studies (GWASs). Since both six6b and cdkn2b play a key role in cell proliferation, we assessed the proliferative activity in the eye of morphants and found an alteration in the proliferative pattern of retinal cells. Our findings in humans and zebrafish suggest a functional involvement of six6b in early eye development, and open new insights into the genetic architecture of POAG.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddt522DOI Listing
March 2014